精神活性物质所致精神障碍的犯罪学特征  

Criminological characteristics of mental disorders due to psychoactive substances

作　　者：陈婷玉[1] 顾艳[1] 胡峻梅[2] 胡泽卿[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院法医精神病学教研室,610041 [2]华西医院心理卫生中心

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2016年第1期66-69,共4页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

摘　　要：目的探讨法医精神病学鉴定中毒品类精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征。方法采用四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院法医精神病学教研室自编的法医精神病学鉴定案例登记表，对符合本研究纳入标准的193例毒品类精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征进行回顾性研究。结果毒品类精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者以青壮年男性（95．3％）为主，多为初中及以下文化程度（88．5％），无固定职业（92．2％），无戒毒史（70．4％），未经正规医院系统戒毒治疗（94．8％）。其犯罪学特征主要是被鉴定人与受害者为陌生关系或一般关系（47．9％），案前无预谋（63．2％），作案前两周内有吸毒行为（62．7％），无诱发事件（59．6％），多为暴力犯罪（79．3％）。从作案目的来看，以受精神症状影响的行为及无作案目的及目的不明确者居多（56．0％）。作案目标的确定以临时确定（53．9％）为主。作案结果多为犯罪既遂（93．3％），案后能清晰地回忆作案过程（96．4％），绝大部分被评定为完全刑事责任能力（99．5％）。结论毒品类精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征是：以青壮年男性为主，文化水平较低，无固定职业，案前有吸毒行为，犯罪行为具有突发性盲目性，多为暴力犯罪。Objective To explore the characteristics of the criminal cases of substance--induced mental disorders in forensic psychiatry. Methods We retrospectively studied in 193 criminal cases of mental disorders due to substance abuse with the case registration form made by West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University. Results In all the subjects, 95.3% were male, 88.5% didn＇t reach high--school--educated, 92.2% didn＇t have a regular job, 70.4% never tried to a- bandon drug habits, 94. 8% didn＇t persist in treatment. Strangers （47. 9%） and neighbors/friends （28.8%） were main victims. Most suspects had no premeditation （63.2%）, using drugs （62.7%）, no trigger event（59.6%） before committing the crime, and most cases were violent offense （79.3%）. From the crime purpose, most cases（56.0%） were affected by the symptoms of psychosis and no purpose or unknown reasons,also temporary determine（53.9%）. Most cases were accomplished （93.3%）, could recall the process（96.4%）. The suspects were assessed criminally responsible（99.5%） for their ac- tions. Conclusions Most of the suspects of mental disorders due to psychoactive substance were male, low educated, unemployed, and used drug before, suddenly committing the violent crime.

关 键 词：精神障碍 法医精神病学 精神活性物质 刑事责任能力 

分 类 号：R595.501[医药卫生—内科学]