膜下滴灌对春拱棚茄子经济效益及土壤质量的影响  

Effects of Drip Irrigation under Mulch on Soil Quality and Economic Benefit of Spring Eggplant in Arched Shed

作　　者：宋计平 王克安[1] 孙凯宁[1] 杨宁[1] 陈宁[2] 吕晓惠 

机构地区：[1]山东省农科院蔬菜花卉研究所/山东省设施蔬菜生物学重点实验室/国家蔬菜改良中心山东分中心,山东济南250100 [2]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第3期86-90,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目"蔬菜创新团队建设基金"(SDAIT-02-022);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目"济南综合试验站"(CARS-25);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金(2016YQN24)

摘　　要：试验以"紫光"茄子为试材,设膜下滴灌和常规畦灌两个处理,通过统计果实产量及收入,计算水肥利用率,并测定土壤理化指标、茄子品质指标,研究两种灌溉施肥方式对拱棚茄子春季经济效益及土壤质量的影响。结果表明,滴灌处理能提高茄子收入,比畦灌增收8 770.4元/hm^2,改善果实品质,同时能有效提高水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力,节水12.35%,节肥11.30%;不同处理种植前及拉秧后,土壤物理性状和养分含量不同,相比于常规畦灌处理,膜下滴灌处理能降低土壤EC值并减缓土壤酸化进程,维持土壤p H值相对稳定,提高土壤的通气性和含水量,降低容重,改变各土层养分分布。Taking the eggplant variety Ziguang as experimental material,with two treatments of drip irrigation under mulch and conventional border irrigation,the fruit yield and income were measured to calculate the water and fertilizer utilization rates,and the eggplant quality index and soil physical and chemical indexes were tested to study the effects of two types of fertigation method on economic benefit and soil quality of spring eggplant in arched shed. The results showed that drip irrigation under mulch treatment could improve the eggplant income and fruit quality,which increased by 8 770. 4 yuan / hm^2 compared to conventional border irrigation. It also could effectively improve the water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity by 12. 35% and11. 30%,respectively. The soil physical properties and nutrient contents of two treatments were both different before and after planting. Compared with conventional border irrigation,drip irrigation under mulch treatment could reduce the soil EC value,slow down the soil acidification process,maintain relatively stable soil p H value,improve the air permeability and water content of soil,reduce bulk weight and change the distribution of soil nutrient contents.

关 键 词：茄子 膜下滴灌 畦灌 土壤质量 经济效益 水肥利用率 

分 类 号：S641.107.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]