KNO_3/GO复合含能材料的制备与表征  

Preparation and Characterization of KNO_3/GO Composite Energetic Materials

作　　者：李家宽[1] 马小霞[1] 胡艳[1] 叶迎华[1] 沈瑞琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《爆破器材》2016年第2期1-5,共5页Explosive Materials

基　　金：总装预研基金(9140A05070114BQ02073);2014年江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(BK20140788)

摘　　要：分别采用重结晶法、中和法和溶剂-非溶剂法制备了硝酸钾/氧化石墨烯(KNO3/GO)复合含能材料。通过负载前后质量的变化对KNO3的负载量进行比较,并运用X射线衍射能谱(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和热重/差热分析(TG/DTA)对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明:3种方法中,KNO3都能均匀地负载在GO片层表面,溶剂-非溶剂法中KNO3的负载量最大;重结晶法制备的复合含能材料的反应快速且剧烈,反应起始温度较GO提前了74℃;中和法制备的材料的反应相对平缓,经历了3个阶段;溶剂-非溶剂法的热分解过程基本和纯KNO3相同。Potassium nitrate/graphene oxide（ KNO3/ GO） composite energetic materials were prepared by the methods of recrystallization,neutralization and solvent / non-solvent respectively. The loading amount of KNO3 was measured by comparing the weight change before and after loading. The composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction（ XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）,field emission scanning electron microscopy（ FESEM） and thermogravimetry / differential thermal analysis（ TG / DTA）. Results show that KNO3 is coated on the surface of GO uniformly by the three methods,while the composite materials prepared by solvent / non-solvent method has the maximum loading amount. The reaction of composite materials prepared by recrystallization is rapid and intense,and the onset point of the samples increase by 74 ℃ compared with that of the raw GO. Samples prepared by neutralization method undergo three different reaction stages,and the reaction is relatively gentle. Thermal decomposition process of materials made by solvent / non-solvent method is the same as that of pure KNO3.

关 键 词：含能材料 硝酸钾 氧化石墨烯 负载量 热分解 

分 类 号：TQ560.7[化学工程—炸药化工]