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作 者:卜令涛 董波[2] 钱华[2,3] 郑俊杰[2,3]
机构地区:[1]山东天宝化工股份有限公司,山东平邑273300 [2]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [3]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心,江苏南京210094
出 处:《爆破器材》2016年第2期25-28,共4页Explosive Materials
基 金:国家自然科学基金(21406116);南京理工大学卓越计划-紫金之星;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
摘 要:针对工业混酸法制备CL-20废酸污染大及N2O5/HNO3法收率低的现状,研究将成本低廉的表面活性剂引入到CL-20制备中,可大幅度提高产品收率。文章考察了表面活性剂种类、用量、反应时间及反应温度的影响,当反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,物料比m(SDSN)m(TAIW)m(N2O5)V(HNO3)=0.3 g3.0 g4.0 g15.0 m L时,CL-20收率为89.6%,纯度为95.1%。该方法收率高,成本低,污染小,催化剂无需回收,有较强的应用前景。The preparation process of CL-20 by nitration with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid in industrial scale is seriously hazardous to the environment due to a large number of waste acids. N2O5 is an environmentally friendly nitrating agent,but it is not fully satisfied on account of low yield. Inexpensive surfactants were introduced into the preparation of CL-20,and it was found that surfactants are propitious to the synthesis of CL-20 in N2O5/ HNO3 system using TAIW as raw material. The effects of species and amount of surfactants,reaction time and temperature have been discussed. The optimum conditions are as follows: reaction temperature is 80 ℃,reaction time is 4 h,m( SDSN) m( TAIW) m( N2O5) V( HNO3) = 0. 3 g3. 0 g4. 0 g15. 0 m L,and the yield and purity is 89. 6% and 95. 1%,respectively. This method shows a good prospect with high yield,low costs,less pollution and no-need recycle of catalysts.
关 键 词:应用化学 CL-20 N2O5 TAIW 绿色合成 表面活性剂
分 类 号:TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]
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