水氮互作对胡麻干物质生产和产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation Interaction on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Oil Flax under Different Irrigation Modes

作　　者：崔红艳[1] 方子森[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第1期156-164,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17-GW-9)

摘　　要：以‘陇亚杂1号’胡麻为试验材料,设计田间水(主区)、氮(副区)两因子裂区试验,水分设置分茎水(60mm,W_1)、分茎水+开花水(W_2,60mm+40mm)、分茎水+现蕾水+开花水(W3,60mm+40mm+40mm)3个处理,施纯氮量设置0(N_1)、75.0(N_2)、112.5(N_3)、150.0(N_4)kg·hm^(-2)共4个水平,考察水氮互作对胡麻干物质积累与分配以及籽粒产量的影响,探讨不同水氮配合下胡麻的增产机制。结果显示:(1)灌溉量和施氮量对胡麻主要生育时期的干物质积累与分配有显著影响,胡麻籽粒产量的水氮互作效应达到极显著水平,其中水分效应大于氮肥效应。(2)同一施氮量水平下,W_2处理明显增加了胡麻成熟期籽粒的干物质分配量和花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率,且籽粒产量显著高于其他处理10.51%~27.99%。(3)灌水量相同条件下,开花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率以N_3水平的最高,显著高于其他施氮水平7.90%~42.43%;在W_2、W_3处理下,施氮水平为N_3时胡麻籽粒产量最高,但施氮量过多,籽粒产量反而显著下降7.96%~9.62%。研究表明,水氮协调在胡麻干物质积累和分配中起着关键的作用,而干物质的积累和分配又与籽粒产量密切相关;在本试验条件下,施纯氮量为112.5kg·hm^(-2)、全生育期在分茎期和开花期灌2次水(60mm+40mm)处理为胡麻节水减氮较为适宜的水氮组合。In order to investigate the production mechanism of oil flax under different coordination with water-nitrogenous fertilizer,we used‘Longyaza 1＇to as material to elucidate the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interaction on dry matter accumulation,distribution and grain yield of oil flax.The split plot design was employed with main plot of water（W_1,irrigation amount was 60 mm at stem stage;W_2,irrigated at stem and flowering stage,and irrigation amount was 60 mm and 40mm;W_3,irrigated at stem,squaring and flowering stage,and irrigation amount was 60 mm,40mm and 40mm）,sub-plot of nitrogen fertilizer（N1,0kg·hm^-2;N2,75.0kg·hm^-2;N3,112.5kg·hm^-2;N4,150.0kg·hm^-2）.The results showed that：（1）the irrigation amount and N application rate has a significant effect on dry matter accumulation and distribution,and there was extremely significant interactive effect between irrigation and nitrogen rate on grain yield,moreover,irrigation rate played a more important role than nitrogen rate.（2）Compared with other treatments,dry matter distribution in grains at maturity stage and contribution of dry matter accumulationamount after anthesis to grains under the same N application levels were markedly raised and grain yield was significantly increased by 10.51%-27.99%in W_2.（3）The contribution of dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis to grains at N_3 levels under the same irrigation conditionswas significantly increased by 7.90%-42.43%;at the W_2 and W_3irrigation level,the grain yield of N_3 treatment was the largest,but over-fertilization of nitrogen caused significantly reduction of yield with a drop of 7.96%-9.62%.Therefore,water and nitrogen coordination played a key role in dry matter accumulation and distribution,which was closely related to the grain yield;the nitrogen rate of 112.5kg·hm-2,irrigation amount of 60 mm and40mm at stem and flowering stage in the whole growth period was optimal combination of irrigation and nitrogen for the higher grain yield of oil flax under the conditi

关 键 词：胡麻 灌水模式 施氮量 干物质积累 干物质分配 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]