心理热线咨询中的危机评估话语及培训探索  

Crisis Assessment Discourse in Hotline Psychological Counseling and Related Training

作　　者：高一虹[1] 刘凤琴 

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871 [2]北京红枫妇女心理咨询服务中心,北京101204

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2016年第2期22-28,80,共7页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

摘　　要：心理咨询中的"危机评估"指对求助者自杀可能性的判断,所使用的言语即"危机评估话语"。本行动研究探索心理热线志愿者咨询师危机评估的状况和困难、危机评估话语的表述方式,以及危机评估培训实践。研究对热线志愿者咨询师、职业心理咨询师分别进行了问卷调查,前者侧重危机评估时的困难;后者聚焦于评估的具体话语表述方式。调查发现,评估的一大挑战是对"文化适宜性"的认识;围绕自杀的意念、意图、计划、行为,有一些常用的评估话语表述方式。在此基础上我们组织了针对热线志愿者咨询师的培训,指出咨询师这一专业群体文化需对谈论自杀的话语脱敏;介绍了四个层面的危机评估话语表述方式;用分段播放案例录音并讨论的方法,探索危机评估在具体语境中的实现。初步反馈显示,培训促进了咨询师危机评估意识的提高以及一定程度上的技能提高。Crisis assessment in psychological counseling refers to the evaluation of clients' suicide probability.The speech used in this process is crisis assessment discourse.This action research attempted to explore hotline counselors' crisis assessment situation and difficulties,verbal expressions used in professional crisis assessment,and crisis assessment training.Two questionnaires were conducted on hotline volunteer counselors and professional counselors,focusing respectively on crisis assessment difficulties,and the verbal expressions used.Findings revealed cultural appropriateness as a major challenge in crisis assessment,and common patterns of crisis assessment discourse regarding suicidal thoughts,intentions,plans and actions.Based on these findings,group training was conducted for volunteer counselors.It was proposed that members of the professional counseling culture should achieve desensitization of suicidal discourse.Verbal expressions for crisis assessment at four levels were introduced,and an actual counseling case was analyzed.Preliminary feedback showed that the training served to improve counselors' awareness and skills of crisis assessment.

关 键 词：心理咨询 热线 危机评估 话语 培训 行动研究 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]