重庆市沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查  

Coverage status of category B vaccines and its influencing factors among preschoolers in Shapingba District,Chongqing City

作　　者：黄莉萍[1] 黎瞳[1] 邵建超[1] 颜英[1] 张燕[1] 刘虹宏 李廷荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400038

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2016年第4期419-422,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市沙坪坝区科委软科学研究计划项目(编号:R201433)

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市沙坪坝区0～6岁学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种情况及影响因素。方法采用分层抽样抽取沙坪坝区26个街镇的1820名2008—2014年出生的儿童，从儿童预防接种卡收集疫苗接种情况。采用分层抽样从全区25个接种门诊预防接种卡上抽取250张卡片上的家长进行问卷调查，了解家庭基本情况。用EpiData3．1软件建立数据库，采用SPSS21．0进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗接种率为92．97％。水痘疫苗全程接种率最高（76．28％），轮状病毒疫苗全程接种率最低（0．13％）。其他无一类苗替代的接种率较低的二类疫苗还有四联疫苗（0．48％）、7价肺炎疫苗（0．62％）及五联疫苗（3．46％）。本区儿童与流动儿童接种率差异有统计学意义（t=8．317，P〈0．001）。影响因素分析显示，不同出生地点影响二类疫苗接种率（OR=2．986，OR95％CI：1．008～8．746，P=0．048）。结论重庆市沙坪坝区学龄前儿童二类疫苗不同品种之间的接种率差异较大，应宣传选择医院接生，并加强流动儿童的疫苗接种管理。Abstract： Objective To investigate the vaccination situation of category B vaccines and its influencing factors among preschool children aged 0 - 6 years in Shapingba District, Chongqing City. Methods A total of 1,820 children who were born at 26 streets/towns of Shapingba District between 2008 and 2014 were selected by stratified ~mpling method, and the im- munization data were collected from the children＇ s vaccination cards. A questionnaire survey on basic situation of families was conducted among parents of 250 children with vaccination cards in 25 vaccination clinics selected by stratified sampling method. EpiData 3.1 software was used to establish a database, and SPSS 12.0 software was employed to perform univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The coverage rate of category B vaccines in preschoolers of Shapingba District was 92.97 %. The full course vaccination rate of varicella vaccine was the highest （76.28 % ）, while that of rotavirus vaccine was the lowest （0.13%）. Other category B vaccines which can not be replaced by category A vaccines and had low coverage rates were DTP - Hib vaccine （0.48%）, PVC- 7 vaccine （0.62%） and DTP- IPV/Hib vaccine （3.46%）. The difference of vaccination rate between the local children and the floating children was statistically significant （ t = 8. 317, P〈0. 001）. Analysis of the influencing factors showed that the vaccination rates of category B vaccines were statistically associated with the preschoolers＇ birth places （OR =2.986,0-R95%CI.1.008-8.746,P=0.048）. Conclusions There is a great variation among the vaccination rates of category B vaccines of the preschoolers in Shapingba District, Chongqing City; and hence, it is necessary to make propaganda for delivery in hospital and enhance the management of vaccination of the floating children.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 二类疫苗 接种 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]