占有保护解释论的三个争议问题  

Three Interpretative Issues of the Legal Protection of Possession

作　　者：章正璋[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院/东吴公法与比较法研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2016年第2期62-73,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2013年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"物权法与侵权法对占有的二元保护机制研究"(13YJA820071);2015年度国家社会科学基金项目"占有保护疑难法律问题研究"(15BFX163)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：我国《物权法》第245条有关侵害占有的损害赔偿规范,是独立的请求权规范基础而非参引性规范,占有人有权直接依据该条规定请求侵害占有的损害赔偿,请求权规范基础与归责原则存在本质区别。占有人返还原物请求权的一年期间性质上应该解释为除斥期间,该期间可以并且有必要一体适用于所有的物上请求权性质的占有保护请求权。物之占有是民事生活中一种普遍的事实,该事实具有可侵性。占有之诉与本权之诉存在本质区别,占有之诉败诉以后当事人有权提起本权之诉,本权之诉败诉以后当事人亦有权提起占有之诉。有本权的占有人占有被侵害时享有占有诉权固无问题,其是否享有侵害占有损害赔偿的本权诉权则受制于侵权法的保护范围以及侵害占有是否即构成侵害本权等因素。The norm of the damages compensation action of possession in article 245 in the Real Right Law of the People＇s Republic of China is a kind of norm foundation of claim,rather than a kind of transmission norm.There are obvious differences between the norm foundation of claim and the doctrine of liability fixation.In the nature,the one year in which the possessor may require possession to be restored on account of deprivation of possession is a kind of dilatio peremtoria（ausschlussfrist）,a period in which all kinds of claims of protection of possession can and necessarily be applied based on real right.Possession is a kind of fact,rather than a kind of right.It may be based on right/rights or not.Possession may be deprived or disturbed.The loser in the right-based action has the right to put forward possessory action and vice versa.The lawful possessor has the right to put forward possessory action either the possessor is deprived of possession or the possessor is disturbed in his possession by unlawful interference.Whether the possessor has the right to put forward petitory action depends on the scope of protection of tort law.

关 键 词：侵害占有 请求权基础 占有之诉 本权之诉 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]