安太堡露天煤矿复垦区野生植物定居分析  

Colonized Wild Plants in the Reclamation Area of the Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine

作　　者：岳建英[1] 郭春燕[1] 李晋川[1] 卢宁[1] 王翔[1] 李倩冉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省生物研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第2期399-409,共11页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC10B04);山西省科技重大专项(20121101007)

摘　　要：通过对2006—2012年安太堡露天煤矿复垦区及7种主要复垦模式野生定居植物的调查,分析野生植物定居特征及其多样性。结果表明：复垦区野生定居植物有207种,隶属于30科115属,以菊科植物最多,其次为禾本科,两者占植物总数的58.45%;生活型以多年生草本占绝对优势,达134种,其次为1年生草本,为45种,1～2 a生草本为22种,小灌木最少,仅有6种;不同复垦模式中野生定居植物种类、数量各不相同,沙柳（Salix psammophila）×榆树（Ulmus pumila）、白杄（Picea meyeri）×青杄（Picea wilsonii）×油松（Pinus taebelaefolius）和刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）纯林复垦模式定居植物种数较多,其次为刺槐×油松模式,最少的为沙棘（Hipophae rhamnoides）×沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）×柠条（Caragana korshinskii）模式,优势种与伴生种主要为禾本科、菊科、豆科、唇形科与车前科草本;Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon与Simpson多样性指数均表明,复垦区人工乔木林生态系统稳定性高于草地生态系统及灌木林生态系统。The colonized wild plants in seven reclamation modes and the reclamation area of the Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine were investigated during the period from 2006 to 2012,and the colonization and biodiversity of the colonized wild plants were analyzed. The results were as follows： There were 207 species of colonized wild plants in115 genera and 30 families. Compositae contained the most species,followed by Gramineae,and the proportion of these two was 58. 45% of the total plant species. The dominant life form was consisted of the perennial herbs（ 134species）,followed by annual herbs（ 45 species） and annual-biennial herbs（ 22 species）,and undershrubs were the least（ 6 species only）. Quantity and species of the colonized wild plants were different from the different reclamation modes. Dominant and companion species belonged to Gramineae,Compositae,Leguminosae,Labiatae and Plantaginaceae. Salix psammophila × Ulmus pumila mode,Picea meyeri × Picea wilsonii × Pinus taebelaefolius mode and Robinia pseudoacacia mode were the most species of the colonized wild plants,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia × Pinus taebelaefolius mode,and the species in the Elaeagnus angustifolia × Hipophae rhamnoides × Caragana korshinskii mode were the least. Pielou evenness index,Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes showed that the stability of artificial arbor ecosystem was higher than that of grassland ecosystem and shrub ecosystem. In the view of species diversity,Picea meyeri × Picea wilsonii × Pinus taebelaefolius mode and Salix psammophila × Ulmus pumila mode were superior to other reclamation modes.

关 键 词：植物定居 物种多样性 植物生活型 复垦区 露天煤矿 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]