流动沙地灌丛内外地面/地下土居节肢动物空间分布及其影响因素  

Spatial Distribution of Ground-active and Belowground Arthropods and their Affecting Factors Beneath Shrub Canopy in Desertified Region

作　　者：刘任涛[1,2] 朱凡[1] 辛明[1] 陈林[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [2]巴伊兰大学生命科学学院,以色列拉马特甘5290002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第2期410-416,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101050);宁夏高等学校科学研究优秀青年教师培育基金项目(NGY2015053);中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室开放基金项目(KLDD-2014-003);宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ15025)

摘　　要：在宁夏盐池沙地选择花棒和油蒿灌丛为研究对象,以灌丛外流动沙地为对照,采用陷阱诱捕法和挖土直接手拣法,分别调查了地面和地下土居节肢动物群落,依据灌丛内外节肢动物数量相对比率(R),分析了灌丛内外节肢动物空间分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明:1 97.7%(42/43动物类群数)的节肢动物类群主要生存于灌丛下。尽管一些地面土居动物如蠼螋科、步甲科在灌丛外亦有分布,但其R值均高于1。地下土居动物除鳖甲属动物主要分布于灌丛外(R值小于1),其余多分布于灌丛下。2除地面土居动物个体数R值小于1之外,节肢动物丰富度和地下土居动物个体数的R值均高于1,且地下土居动物个体数和丰富度的R值均高于8。3无论是地面还是地下土居动物,节肢动物个体数和丰富度的R值均表现为油蒿高于花棒(P<0.05)。4流动沙地对地面土居动物个体数分布影响较大,而灌丛下生境对节肢动物丰富度影响较大。油蒿灌丛对土壤节肢动物分布的影响高于花棒,特别是对地下土居动物,呈现出显著灌丛"虫岛"现象。In desertified land in Yanchi County,Ningxia,two shrub species（ Hedysarum scoparium and Artemisia ordosica） were selected as the subjects,and the adjacent mobile sand land was taken as the contrast. The groundactive and belowground arthropods were sampled by pitfall trap and hand sorted method respectively. The relative ratio（ R） between the microhabitats beneath the shrub and in the open space was used to discuss the effectiveness of shrub canopy on the spatial distribution of ground-active and belowground arthropods in desertified region. The results were as follows： ① Most arthropod taxa（ 97. 7%） preferred to live in the microhabitats beneath the shrub canopy. Some ground-active arthropod taxa,such as Labiduridae and Carabidae,were found in the open space,whereas the R values were above 1 for these ground-active arthropod groups. Almost all the belowground arthropods preferred to live in the microhabitats beneath the shrub canopy except genus Tentyriini because most of which were found in the open space; ② The R values of the abundance of ground-active arthropods were below 1,whereas those for the richness of ground-active arthropods and for the abundance and richness of belowground arthropods were all above 1,and even above 8 for the latter. Meanwhile,the R values,regardless of ground-active or belowground arthropods,were markedly higher for the shrub A. ordosica compared with the shrub H. scoparium; ③ That the mobile sand land was attractive for the abundance of ground-active arthropods,while the microhabitats beneath the shrub canopy were beneficial for the richness of arthropods. The shrub A. ordosica showed more implications on the assembly distribution of belowground arthropods relative to shrub H. scoparium,which was named as ＂Arthropod Island＂of shrub effect.

关 键 词：“虫岛” 流动沙地 灌丛 土壤节肢动物 空间分布 宁夏 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]