不同季节卡拉麦里山盘羊生境选择分析  

Seasonal Habitats Selection of Ovis ammon darwini in the Karamori Mountain,Xinjiang

作　　者：张钧泳 初雯雯 杜聪聪[2,5] 刘宁娜 贺雷 葛炎 初红军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,新疆阿勒泰836500 [3]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083 [4]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [5]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第2期422-430,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目(201233131);卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金项目;科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110300);中国博士后科学基金特别项目(201003058);国家自然科学基金项目(39460014)

摘　　要：采用样线法分析不同季节新疆卡拉麦里山盘羊戈壁亚种的生境选择。结果表明：春季,卡拉麦里山盘羊生境主要集中在海拔1 100 m以上、坡度30°～60°、与隐蔽物距离小于0.1 km、与水源地距离小于4.0 km、与居民点距离大于2.0 km以及中高隐蔽级（0.5～1.0）的区域。夏季,盘羊生境主要位于中上坡、与隐蔽物小于0.1 km、远离道路和居民点（大于2.0 km）、植被盖度小于0.1、隐蔽级高（0.9～1.0）的山坡。冬季,卡拉麦里山盘羊多选择距隐蔽物距离小于0.1 km、距离水源大于2.0 km、距离居民点大于2.0 km、食物丰富的山坡。不同季节卡拉麦里山盘羊生境变量特征值大于1的主成分累积贡献率分别达到了71.972%（春季）、71.782%（夏季）和73.613%（冬季）,反映了不同季节生境因子特征。春季,盘羊生境因子主要受人为和自然因素的影响,其中海拔和人为干扰因子（与最近道路距离）是最重要的影响因子;夏季,盘羊生境的选择主要受海拔、植物种数和水源的影响;冬季,盘羊生境的选择主要受食物和人类活动的影响。The seasonal habitats selection of Ovis ammon darwini in the Karamori Mountain Xinjiang,China were studied. The ecological factors were analyzed with transect method. The results showed that,in spring. O. a. darwini in the mountain preferred to choose the sites with steep slope of 30°- 60° and mountaintop of 1 100 m,with distance less than 0. 1 km to the hiding objects,less than 4. 0 km to the permanent water sources,more than 2. 0 km away from the roads and human residential areas,vegetation coverage of 0. 5- 1. 0,and canopy cover of 0. 6- 1. 0.In summer,O. a. darwini preferred to select mountain slope habitat with distance less than 0. 1 km to the hiding objects,more than 2. 0 km away from the main road and human residential areas,vegetation coverage less than 0. 1,and canopy cover of 0. 9- 1. 0. In winter,O. a. darwini often preferred to select the hillsides with distance less than0. 1 km to the hiding objects,more than 2. 0 km to the water sources and away from the human residential areas,and rich food（ high plant and herb density）. The results of Principal Component Analysis（ PCA） showed that the cumulative contribution rates of eigenvalues of the argali habitat variables in spring,summer and winter were71. 972%,71. 872% and 73. 613% respectively. The results revealed that the habitat selectivity of O. a. darwini was mainly affected by artificial and natural factors,including the altitude and human disturbance in spring,plant species and water sources in summer,and food enrichment degree and influence of human activities in winter.

关 键 词：盘羊 季节 生境选择 相关分析 生境因子 卡拉麦里山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]