太湖稻麦轮作农田减施磷肥盆栽试验研究  

Reduced P fertilization for rice/wheat rotation in Taihu Lake region

作　　者：卢亚男[1,2] 汪玉[2] 王慎强[2] 朱文彬[2,3] 赵旭[2] 程谊[2] 李国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学理学院,南京210095 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第3期507-513,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB150403);中科院战略性先导科技专项B(XDB15020402);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B03);国家重大水专项课题(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(15)1004];国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571294)

摘　　要：选择江苏常熟富磷、中磷、缺磷三个磷水平水稻土,通过盆栽试验研究稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的减磷措施的可行性。实验分四个不同处理：麦季施磷稻季不施磷（PW）、稻季施磷麦季不施磷（PR）、稻麦季均施磷（PR＋W,目前农民施肥方式）以及稻麦季均不施磷（Pzero）。四年八季试验结果表明：与PR＋W处理相比,无论是富磷、中磷以及缺磷土壤中,PW处理下的作物产量均无显著性差异,却显著提高四年稻麦轮作周期内的磷肥表观利用率（富磷、中磷以及缺磷三种土壤上分别高出4.21%、17.3%、18.5%）,同时土壤速效磷含量累积下降20%-60%。然而,与PR＋W处理相比,PR处理在缺磷土壤上作物产量下降了75%（P〈0.05）。四年盆栽试验结果表明,稻麦轮作农田在土壤磷素供应水平中等及以上条件下,通过稻季不施磷的措施来达到稻麦轮作农田减磷的效果在理论上具有可行性,可以保证作物较高产量水平和土壤磷素的环境安全。High inputs of P fertilizers to soils have caused P pollution in waters, especially in intensive farming areas. A pot experiment was carried out to explore the feasibility of omitting or reducing phosphorus（P）fertilizers for rice in rice/wheat rotation using paddy soils with three different Olsen-P levels（P-rich, P-medium, and P-deficient）soils from Taihu Lake region. Four P treatments, including P fertilization for wheat only（PW）, P fertilization for rice only（PR）, P fertilization for both rice and wheat（PR＋W）, and no P for rice or wheat（Pzero）, were used. Compared with PR ＋W treatment, crop yields in PW had no significant difference in P-rich, P-medium and P-deficient soils, while P utilization efficiency was increased by 4.21%, 17.3% and 18.5%, respectively, but the concentration of Olsen-P in soils de-creased by 20%-60%. However, PR treatment significantly reduced crop yields in P-deficient soil（P〈0.05）. Hence, P fertilization for wheat only（PW）in rice/wheat rotation is feasible while maintaining rice yield.

关 键 词：水旱轮作 稻季不施磷 产量 磷肥利用率 速效磷 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]