通风量对堆肥化过程中氮素转化及nirK基因多样性和数量的影响  

Effects of ventilation on nitrogen transformation and nir K gene diversity and abundance during composting process

作　　者：王国兴[1] 董桂军[2] 艾士奇 熊志强[1] 晏磊[1] 高亚梅[1] 王彦杰[1] 王伟东[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江大庆163000 [2]黑龙江省农垦总局植保植检站,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第3期565-572,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270536);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD12B05-3;2013BAD21B01);黑龙江省高校科技创新团队计划项目(2012TD006);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2015-Y60)

摘　　要：通过研究不同通风量对堆肥化过程中nir K基因多样性和丰度的影响,阐明通风量与氮素转化和氮损失之间的关系。堆肥共设置3个处理,即对照不通风(静态堆肥CK)、通风量0.05 L·min-1·kg-1(微好氧堆肥TF1)和通风量0.2 L·min-1·kg-1(好氧堆肥TF4),分析不同时期堆肥样品的铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮等理化指标,以及不同时期堆肥样品中反硝化功能基因nir K基因数量和63 d样品中nir K基因多样性的变化规律。结果表明,堆肥过程中,CK、TF1、TF4三个处理的氨气速率和氮素总损失量随着通风量增大而增大,NO-3-N含量和总氮在堆肥结束时均达到最大,与通风量呈正相关。通过对堆肥样品中nir K基因多样性和数量分析发现,CK、TF1、TF4三个处理堆肥63 d样品中nir K基因克隆文库中OTU数量分别为9、5、3个;在堆肥高温期和腐熟期,nir K基因拷贝数与通风量呈现负相关。实验结果证明通风量显著影响堆肥化过程中各种形态氮的转化以及nir K基因多样性和数量,并增加了总氮和硝态氮含量。Ventilation is one of the most important parameters affecting composting process. In this study, the effects of ventilation on nitrogen transformation and loss and nir K gene diversity and abundance during composting process were examined. Three treatments, CK：0 L·min^-1·kg^-1（Static compost）, TF1：0.05 L·min^-1·kg^-1（Microaerobic compost）and TF4：0.2 L·min^-1·kg-1（Aerobic compost）, were designed.The content of ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen during different periods were measured. The abundance of nir K gene during different periods and the diversity of nir K gene on the 63 rd day of composting were analyzed. Results showed that the NH3 emissions and total nitrogen losses in three treatments increased with increasing amount of ventilation. The highest content of NO3^- -N and TN was observed in CK, TF1, and TF4 on the 63 rd day, and was significantly affected by ventilation.The OTU number of nir K gene clone library of the63 rd day samples from CK, TF1 and TF4 was 9, 5, and 3, respectively. During the thermophilic and maturity periods, the abundance of nir K gene was negatively correlated with ventilation amount. The present results showed that ventilation significantly affects the transformation of nitrogen, and the diversity and abundance of nir K gene during composting, and increases TN and NO3^- -N content.

关 键 词：通风量 堆肥 NIRK 氮素转化 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]