不同滴灌模式对土壤水分空间变异及夏玉米生长的影响  

Effect of different drip irrigation modes on spatial distribution variance of soil water and summer maize growth

作　　者：杨明达[1] 关小康[1] 白田田[1] 张鹏钰 韩静丽 王静丽[1] 王同朝[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2016年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471452);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B08;2012BAD04B07)

摘　　要：通过田间大区试验探究了地下滴灌（SDI）和地表滴灌（DI）土壤水分空间变异、夏玉米植株性状及产量的影响。结果表明,从不同滴灌方式下夏玉米的株高、穗位高、穗长的变异系数及灌水后0-30 cm土层土壤水分的均匀度来看,地下滴灌（SDI）和地表滴灌（DI）处理均有较好的灌水均匀度。在相似的密度条件下,SDI处理的产量显著高于DI处理。相同灌溉量（450 m^3·hm^-2）的情况下,SDI处理的垂直湿润土体范围为10-90 cm,DI处理垂直湿润土层深度小于60 cm,SDI处理形成地表10 cm干土层,保持土面干燥,并且避免了深层渗漏;SDI处理水平湿润土体半径小于40 cm,DI处理水平湿润土体半径大于40 cm。其他条件相同的情况下,滴头流速与产量呈显著的正线性相关,保证滴头流速及均匀度是增产的关键。A field experiment has been conducted to explore the effect of two irrigation modes,subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） and surface drip irrigation （DI） , on soil water spatial distribution, plant traits of summer maize and yield. The results showed that SDI and DI presented high uniform in maize plant height,ear height and ear length variation coefficient,and soil water distribution of 0 - 30 cm soil moisture uniformity. The yield of SDI treatment was significantly higher than that of DI under similar maize plant density. With the same irrigation amount （450 m^3· hm^-2） ,the range of wetted soil in vertical direction was 10 -90 cm under SDI,while it was less than 60 cm under DI. A 10 cm dry soil layer formed on the surface indicated that soil evaporation and deep drainage has been effectively avoided. Wetted soil radius in horizontal direction was less than 40 cm under SDI condition and it was large than 40 cm under DI condition. There is a significant linear correlation between the emitter flow rate and the yield under the same condition, and it is the essential to ensure emitter flow rate and increase its uniformity for higher yields of maize.

关 键 词：滴灌模式 土壤水分分布 夏玉米 滴灌参数 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]