低剂量CT技术发展及其临床应用  

Development and clinical application of low dose computed tomography technology

作　　者：沈晓波[1,2] 聂生东[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,医学影像工程研究所,上海200093 [2]上海西门子医疗器械有限公司,上海201318

出　　处：《中国医学物理学杂志》2016年第3期238-242,247,共6页Chinese Journal of Medical Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(60972122);上海市教委科研创新重点项目(14ZZ135)

摘　　要：CT成像技术在临床上具有不可替代的应用价值,但由于CT扫描对患者的辐射剂量较高,因此如何在保证CT图像质量的前提下,降低对患者的辐射剂量是近年来医学影像界关注的重点,也是CT成像技术发展的一个重要方向。近年来依赖于科学技术的迅猛发展,低剂量CT技术也是日新月异,其在临床上的应用也越来越广泛。本文首先概括了传统CT检查存在的普遍问题,随后概述低剂量CT技术的发展情况,再以西门子CT为例,引入解决这些问题的低剂量CT技术,并将西门子低剂量CT技术分成3类:曝光控制技术、双源技术、图像重建技术。分别阐述它们的工作原理,最后从5个方面(胸部、颅面部、心脏冠脉、腹部和头颅)对其在临床上的应用进行了讨论。Computed tomography （CT） imaging technology has irreplaceable value in clinical applications. But the CT scan has a higher radiation dose for patients. Recently, reducing radiation dose for patients without image quality compromise is a hot topic in medical imaging field and an important direction of CT imaging technology development. With the rapid development of science and technology, low dose CT technology develops quickly, having a wider and wider clinical application. The common problems of traditional CT examination and the developments of low dose CT technology were summarized in the paper. Based on Siemens CT, a low dose CT technology was introduced to solve the problems. The Siemens low dose CT was classified into exposure control technology, dual sources technology, and image reconstruction technology. The operating principle ofeach technology was introduced. And the clinical applications of tow dose CT for thorax, craniofacial, coronary artery, abdomen and head were analyzed.

关 键 词：计算机断层扫描技术 低剂量 双源 辐射剂量 图像重建技术 综述 

分 类 号：R814.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]