乘员下肢生物力学模型与KTH正面碰撞损伤分析  

Occupant Lower Extremity Biomechanical Model and KTH Injury Research in Frontal Crashes

作　　者：黄伟[1,2] 兰凤崇[1,2] 陈吉清[1,2] 刘朝阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510640 [2]广东省汽车工程重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2016年第2期106-114,共9页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51375170);广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313213)

摘　　要：为了研究汽车正面碰撞事故中乘员膝关节-大腿-髋关节(Knee-Thigh-Hip,KTH)部位的损伤机理,基于成人下肢CT影像数据建立了乘员下肢生物力学有限元模型,包括骨盆、股骨、髌骨、小腿骨、髋关节、膝关节以及皮肤、肌肉等重要解剖学结构。根据Haut、Kerrigan以及Rupp等的生物力学试验,针对该模型进行了全面的有效性验证,表明其能够准确模拟正面碰撞事故中乘员KTH的生物力学响应与损伤。同时,仿真分析了正面碰撞条件下碰撞面与乘员KTH相对碰撞角度对KTH损伤的影响。结果表明,KTH损伤风险和撞击面法线与乘员股骨轴线在水平面和矢状面上的投影角紧密相关,其损伤风险随水平面投影角绝对值的增大而降低,水平面投影角为0°时损伤风险最大;而当矢状面投影角为-10°时,乘员KTH损伤风险较高。In order to study the mechanisms of occupant knee-thigh-hip injury in vehicle frontal crashes,a finite element model of occupant lower extremity biomechanics was established based on CT image data,including data of the pelvis,femur,patella,ossa cruris,hip joint,knee joint and soft tissues such as skin and muscle. According to biomechanical experiments by Haut et al,Kerrigan et al. and Rupp et al,the paper conducted a comprehensive validation of the model. Validation results indicated that the model can accurately simulate the injury and biomechanical responses of occupant KTH in frontal crashes. Meanwhile,simulations were designed to analyze the influence of the relative collision angle upon KTH injuries in frontal crash conditions. The results indicated that KTH injury risk is closely related to the normal of the impact surface and the angle between the projection of the occupant femoral axis in horizontal and sagittal plane. KTH injury risk decreases when the absolute value of the projection angle in horizontal plane increases,the injury risk is high when the horizontal projection angle is 0°; and when the projection angle in sagittal plane is close to-10°,the passengers KTH has a high risk of injury.

关 键 词：汽车安全 乘员下肢 有限元模型 生物力学 损伤机理 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]