大兴安岭干旱阳坡不同植被退化阶段土壤理化性质与物种多样性研究  

Soil Physicochemical Properties and Plant Species Diversity of Different Vegetation Degradation Stages in Arid Sunny-slope of Great Xing'an Mountains

作　　者：刘道锟 孙海龙[1] 甘秋妹[1] 那萌 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《森林工程》2016年第2期1-6,共6页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD08B02-02)

摘　　要：为了解大兴安岭干旱阳坡植被退化过程中土壤理化性质与物种多样性的变化规律,在加格达奇地区选择处于不同退化阶段(蒙古栎林、灌丛、灌草丛和草丛)的干旱阳坡进行土壤理化性质和植物多样性研究。结果表明:随植被退化加剧,干旱阳坡土壤容重逐渐上升,土壤含水量逐渐下降,土壤养分浓度(全量C、N、P、K、有效P、速效K、NH+4-N和NO-3-N)逐渐下降。草本层和灌木层的各物种多样性指数均随植被退化先下降后上升,草本层各物种多样性指数除物种丰富度指数在灌丛阶段最低外,均在灌草丛阶段最低,各物种多样性指数均在草丛阶段最高;灌木层各物种多样性指数在灌丛阶段最低,在蒙古栎林阶段最高。不同退化阶段草本层的物种丰富度与土壤容重呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤含水量、全量C、N、P和速效养分呈显著负相关(P<0.05);而均匀度指数与土壤含水量、全C、NH+4-N和NO-3-N显著正相关(P<0.05)。To clarify the variation laws of soil characteristics and species diversity in the process of vegetation degradation in the arid sunny- slope of Great Xing＇an Mountains,the soil physical and chemical properties and plant diversity indices were studied in four vegetation types（ Quercus mongolica forest,shrub,shrub- grass,and grassland）. The results showed that with the degradation,soil bulk density increased gradually,while soil moisture and soil nutrient concentration decreased in arid sunny- slope. The species diversity of herb layer and shrub layer both decreased first and then increased. Simpson index,Shannon- Wiener index and Pielou index of herb layer were the lowest in shrub grass stage,while all of species diversity indices were the highest in the grassland stage. The species diversity indices of shrub layer were the lowest in the shrub stage,and the highest in the Mongolia oak forest. The species richness of herb layer had significant positive correlation（ P〈0. 05） with soil bulk density,and had significant negative correlation（ P〈0. 05） with soil water content,total C,N,P concentrations and available nutrient concentrations. Pielou index of herb layer had significant positive correlation（ P〈0. 05） with soil water content,total C,NH4^＋- N and NO3- N concentrations.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 干旱阳坡 植被退化 土壤理化性质 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]