勋章菊的传粉昆虫种类及其访花行为的研究  

Study on Species of Pollinating Insects and Their Flower-visiting Behavior of Gazania rigens L.

作　　者：高婷婷[1] 郑思唯 吴阳清[1] 陆小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学金螳螂建筑学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2016年第3期57-61,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：苏州市科技支撑计划(农业)资助项目(SNG201409)

摘　　要：勋章菊花大色艳属于典型的虫媒花,为探究勋章菊主要访花昆虫种类及其访花行为,选用5个勋章菊品种:星白、红纹、苏1、红·吻以及中国勋章菊以直接观察法进行观察研究。结果表明:在苏州地区勋章菊的主要传粉昆虫有9种,分属3目6科,传粉昆虫以蜂类和蝶类居多且不同种类的传粉昆虫访花行为不同;蜂类的访花时间与食蚜蝇类昆虫相比较短,但传粉效率高于食蚜蝇类;蜂类与蝶类相比,访花目的除了采集花蜜还有采集花粉;访花昆虫的形态结构与它的访花行为密切相关,单花受各类昆虫访问频率为9.1±6.2次·h-1;不同传粉昆虫之间存在互补关系,蜂类对勋章菊种群内小范围的传粉作用较大,而对较大范围内的传粉主要靠蝶类的访花活动。Gazania rigens L.is the typical entomophilous flowers with big size and bright-color,taking 5different species：Xingbai,Hongwen,Su 1,Red·kiss and Zhongguo Xunzhangju as the experiment materials,the major species of pollinating insects and their flower-visiting behavior of Gazania rigens L.was measured and recorded by the method of directing observation.The results showed that the major pollinating insects consisted of 9species from 3orders and 6families.The main pollinators were bees and butterflies and different kinds of pollinators had different flower-visiting behavior;compared with butterflies,the bees collected not only nectar but also pollen;the morphological structure of the pollinating insects was closely related to flower-visiting behavior and the visit frequency of the single flower by all kinds of pollinators was 9.1±6.2times·h-1;complementary relationship existing between different pollinators,bees played greater role in a small range of Gazania rigens L.population on pollination,while butterflies played greater role in a wide range of population.

关 键 词：勋章菊 传粉昆虫 花部特征 传粉方式 访花频率 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]