紫外线阻断膜防控茄子害虫效果及对植株生长和果实品质的影响  

Efficiency of UV-absorbing film in the management of pest insects and its effects on the growth and quality of eggplants

作　　者：朱亮[1] 王泽华[1] 宫亚军[1] 任忠虎 金桂华[1] 陈金翠[1] 魏书军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2016年第2期227-238,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2013CB127600);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201412);北京市农业科技项目(20140105)

摘　　要：【目的】紫外线阻断膜可以吸收光线中波长在380 nm以下的紫外光,从而影响昆虫的视觉反应,因此有望用于害虫防控。本研究旨在明确该项措施的可行性。【方法】以日光温室茄子Solanum melongena为作物对象,对紫外线阻断棚和使用普通棚膜的对照棚中3种主要害虫(西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis、烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci和桃蚜Myzus persicae)的发生情况进行了比较,分析了紫外线缺失对茄子植株生长和果实品质的影响。【结果】紫外线阻断棚中西花蓟马、烟粉虱和桃蚜的最大发生量均显著低于对照棚(P<0.05),分别是对照棚中的44.3%,50.4%和37.5%;与对照棚相比,紫外线阻断棚中茄子株高偏高,但二者差异不显著(P>0.05);紫外线阻断棚中茄子产量、果实重量和周长均降低,茄子果实颜色偏浅,果实中维生素C、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、粗脂肪和花青素含量下降(P<0.05),Ca,K,Cu和Zn等矿物离子含量上升(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究表明紫外线阻断技术可以显著抑制温室茄子上3种主要害虫的种群增长,但对茄子的生长和果实品质有一定影响。今后需要进一步研究该项技术在茄子品种和其他作物中的应用方式。【Aim 】UV-absorbing film can absorb light below 380 nm wavelength to affect the vision response of insects and shows potential in pest management. This study aims to assess the feasibility of the physical control approach. 【Methods】We compared the population dynamics of three main pests（ Frankliniella occidentalis,Bemisia tabaci,and Myzus persicae） on eggplants（ Solanum melongena）,as well as the growth of plants and quality of fruits,between the UV-absorbing greenhouse and the common greenhouse（ the control）. 【Results】The maximum population density of F. occidentalis,B. tabaci,and M. persicae in the UV-absorbing greenhouse was only 44. 3%,50. 4% and 37. 5% of that in the common greenhouse,respectively（ P〈0. 05）. In addition,the plant height increased insignificantly（ P〉0. 05）,the yield,fruit weight and circumference of eggplants decreased,and fruit color of eggplant was lighter in the UV-absorbing greenhouse compared to the control. The contents of ascorbic acid,soluble carbohydrate,titratable acid,crude fat and anthocyanin in the eggplant fruits in the UV-absorbing greenhouse decreased and the contents of Ca,K,Cu and Zn in the UV-absorbing greenhouse increased significantly in particular period as compared to the control（ P〈0. 05）. 【Conclusion 】Our research indicated that UV-absorbing approach could restrain the population increase of the three main pests on eggplant in the greenhouse significantly. However,this approach has negative effects on the growth of plant and quality of fruits. Further research is needed to evaluate this approach in cultivars of eggplants and other vegetables in future.

关 键 词：紫外线阻断膜 茄子害虫 营养生长 生殖生长 果实品质 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]