硝基胍自催化热分解特性及绝热安全性  

Autocatalytic Thermal Decomposition Properties and Adiabatic Safety of Nitroguanidine

作　　者：王凯[1] 刘大斌[1] 徐森[1] 蔡高文 史良煜 卜令涛 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]山东天宝化工股份有限公司,山东平邑273300

出　　处：《含能材料》2016年第3期284-288,共5页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：工信部安全专项项目

摘　　要：利用动态差示扫描量热(DSC)实验初步研究了硝基胍的热分解特性,采用Kissinger和Ozawa法计算了其热分解活化能。运用中断回归实验研究了热履历对硝基胍热分解安全性的影响,并用等温DSC实验进行了验证。利用绝热量热仪(ARC)研究了硝基胍的绝热安全性,得到了其初始分解温度,温升速率。结果表明,硝基胍是熔融分解型含能材料,其热分解为自催化反应。热履历显著影响了硝基胍的热分解安全性,降低了其起始分解温度和峰温,使其在固态时就达到较高的热分解速率。在动态DSC实验中,其起始反应温度213.8~249.9℃,峰温215.0~255.2℃,表观活化能为111.6 k J·mol^(-1)和114.2 k J·mol^(-1)。在绝热实验中,其起始反应温度为170.6℃,最大温升速率为1.414℃·min^(-1)。Thermal decomposition characteristics of nitroguanidine（NQ） was preliminary studied by differential scanning calorime- try （DSC） dynamic experiment, and the Kissinger and Ozawa method were used to calculate the activation energy of thermal de- composition. The effect of thermal history on the thermal stabilities of NQ was investigated by ＂ interruption and re-scanning＂ method, and the conclusion was verified with the isothermal DSC experiment. The adiabatic security of NQ was investigated by the adiabatic calorimeter （ARC）, and the initial decomposition temperature and heating rate were obtained. Results show that NQ is an energetic material decomposing with melting, and the thermal decomposition is autocatalytic reaction. Thermal history signif- icantly influences the thermal stability of NQ, decreasing the initial thermal decomposition temperature and the peak temperature and increasing thermal decomposition rate at solid state. The initial thermal decomposition temperatures are 213.8-249.9 ℃, whereas the peak temperatures are 215.0～255.2 ℃ at heating rates of 2, 5, 10 ℃ · min-1 and 20 ℃ · min-1 by dynamic DSC analysis. The apparent activation energy is 111.6 kJ · mol-1 and 114.2 kJ · mol-1. The initial decomposition temperature is 170.6 ℃ and the maximum heating rate is 1.414 ℃ · min-1 for adiabatic experiment.

关 键 词：硝基胍(NQ) 自催化 中断回归实验 差示扫描量热(DSC) 绝热量热仪(ARC) 热分解 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]