适宜微喷灌灌水频率及氮肥量提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率  

Optimal irrigation frequency and nitrogen application rate improving yield formation and water utilization in winter wheat under micro-sprinkling condition

作　　者：张英华[1] 张琪[1] 徐学欣 李金鹏[1] 王彬[1] 周顺利[1] 刘立均 王志敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]泰安丰园灌溉科技有限公司,泰安271039

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第5期88-95,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(201303133;201203031);国家自然科学基金(31401297);北京市青年英才专项(31056101)

摘　　要：为明确微喷水肥一体化条件下灌溉次数和氮肥用量对冬小麦产量形成和水分利用的影响,该试验在灌水定额1 500 m3/hm2下设置微喷2次（拔节期750 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2）、3次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）、4次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋孕穗期300 m3/hm2＋开花期450 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）和氮肥追施45、90、135 kg/hm2处理,N肥随灌水等量分次施入,考察群体光合特性、物质生产和水分利用特征。结果表明：微喷3次和4次相比于微喷2次,产量提高了5.3%～18.9%,水分利用效率提高了5.3%～27.8%,但微喷3次与4次之间差异不显著。适当增加微喷次数提高了开花期和灌浆期群体绿色叶面积指数,延缓了叶片衰老,提高了生育后期干物质积累,增加了千粒质量,进而提高了籽粒产量;多次微喷（3次或4次）降低了总耗水量和开花前耗水比例,提高了开花后耗水比例;适当增施氮肥能进一步提高花后物质积累和花后耗水比例。综合来看,1 500 m3/hm2灌溉定额下微喷4次,追施氮肥90 kg/hm2产量和水分利用效率较高。Reducing the loss of irrigation water and increasing water use efficiency（WUE） are important problems needed to be solved in current wheat production. Micro-irrigation can realize a small amount of irrigation for many times and the integration of water and fertilizer. It has been applied in wheat production in recent years. However, the effect of micro-sprinkling times and nitrogen application rate on yield formation and water utilization in winter wheat is poorly understood. In this study, field experiments were conducted from October 2012 to June 2014 at the Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Cangzhou, Heibei Province（37°41＇ N, 116°37＇ E）. In 2012-2013, micro-sprinkling 2 times（S2, 750 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing and anthesis, respectively）, 3 times（S3-1, 450, 300 and 750 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing, booting and anthesis, respectively; S3-2, 750, 450 and 300 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied jointing, anthesis and grain filling, respectively; S3-3, 600, 600 and 300 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing, anthesis and grain filling, respectively; S3-4, 450, 750 and 300 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing, anthesis and grain filling, respectively）, 4 times（S4, 450, 300, 450 and 300 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing, booting, anthesis and grain filling, respectively）, and flooding（CK, 750 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing and anthesis, respectively） were designed to preliminarily reveal the effect of micro-sprinkling frequency on grain yield and WUE in winter wheat and select the optimal model for micro-sprinkling 3 times. Results showed that S2 had similar grain yield to CK; S3-3 and S3-4 with the higher ratio of irrigation after anthesis increased thousand grain weight and harvest index and finally improved grain yield, compared with S2; there was no significant difference（P0.05） in grain yield between S4 and S3-4. So, S3-4 was the optimal model for micro-sprinkling three times. In 2013-2

关 键 词：灌溉 氮肥 作物 冬小麦 微喷次数 产量 水分利用 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]