新疆焉耆盆地平原区地下水溶解性总固体时空演化  

Spatial-temporal evolution of total dissolved solids of groundwater in plain area of Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang

作　　者：赵江涛[1,2] 周金龙[1,2,3] 高业新[3] 曾妍妍[1,2] 李巧[1,2] 杜明亮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第5期120-125,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(1212011220982);新疆自治区水文学及水资源重点学科基金(XJSWSZYZDXK20101202);新疆自治区地方公派出国留学成组配套项目(XJDF201307)

摘　　要：为研究新疆焉耆盆地平原区地下水污染现状,2014年在焉耆盆地平原区设置42个采样点,采集42组地下水样本,测定样本中溶解性总固体（total dissolved solids,TDS）及阴阳离子含量,并利用SPSS软件及MAPGIS地理信息系统分析其时空动态。结果表明,1999年与2014年地下水TDS总体存在显著差异性;对地下水中TDS与宏量阴、阳离子组分及p H值之间的关系进行分析,地下水TDS与SO42-、Cl-、K＋＋Na＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋具有显著相关,相关系数在0.717～0.964之间,与宏量阴离子SO42-、Cl-相关性明显大于阳离子,相关系数分别为0.963及0.964。在时间尺度上,1983-2014年地下水TDS均值整体呈现先升高再有所降低而后又升高再降低的趋势,均值由1983年305.0 mg/L上升至1999年1773.1 mg/L后又降低至2014年589.44 mg/L;在空间尺度上,1999-2014年地下水TDS〈1 g/L区域面积变化呈增加的趋势,面积由1999年2 011.7 km2增加至2014年2 229.3 km2,与1999-2014年地下水TDS均值呈下降趋势相对应。研究区地下水TDS变化主要原因有2方面：一是地下水水位由2000年4.98 m下降至2014年7.34 m,地下水水位下降促使土壤及其下层沉积物中的钙、镁易溶盐、难溶盐及交换性钙镁由固相向水中转移使更多的钙镁离子进入地下水中,使地下水TDS增高,同时地下水位下降导致水中溶质浓缩也会造成TDS增高;二是生活及工业污水的排放导致大量Cl-、SO42-和部分Mg2＋、Ca2＋进入地下水中,造成TDS升高,这与TDS中Cl-和SO42-占主导地位相吻合。Yanqi Basin is one of the most important oasis agricultural areas of Xinjiang. But the ecological environment of Yanqi Basin is fragile, which depends on groundwater resources greatly. To study the spatial-temporal evolution of total dissolved solids（TDS） of groundwater is of great significance to groundwater exploitation in arid areas with fragile ecological system seriously affected by human. In order to identify the groundwater pollution status in the plain area of Yanqi Basin, 42 groundwater samples was collected in 2014. TDS and concentration of anion and cationic of the 42 groundwater samples were tested. T test was used based on the observed data of groundwater in the different periods of the plain area to determine the variability of TDS. The relationships between TDS and macro anion, macro cation, pH were analyzed with SPSS software. The results showed that TDS of groundwater was mainly affected by SO2-4, Cl-, K＋＋Na＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋. And the TDS were highly correlated with Cl- and K＋＋Na＋. The correlation between the TDS and macro anion was highest, followed by Cl-, SO2-4and HCO-3; the correlation between the TDS and macro cation was also high, followed by K＋＋Na＋, Ca2＋ and Mg2＋. Zone map of TDS was drewn by the MAPGIS software. In the temporal scale, the average of TDS of groundwater was increased then decreased and increased again from 1983 to 2014, and the average value was 305.0, 1773.1 and 589.44 mg/L in 1983, 1999 and 2014, respectively. In the spatial scale, the TDS of groundwater evolved horizontally from piedmont to the plain area. The TDS of groundwater increased from upstream to downstream. Influenced by topography and hydrogeology conditions, the main hydrogeochemistry action changed from strong runoff to slow evaporation gradually. Area of groundwater with TDS1 g/L showed an increasing trend but a decreasing trend from 1999 to 2014, which was consistent with downtrend of the mean value of TDS from 1999 to 2014 increased from 2011.7 to 2229.3 km2. There were 2 main

关 键 词：地下水 污染 化学特性 TDS 焉耆盆地平原区 时空变异 

分 类 号：S273.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] P641.12[农业科学—农业工程]