青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响  

Effect of substituting hulless barley straw for tall fescue on early fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mixed-ration silage in Tibet

作　　者：贾春旺[1] 原现军[1] 肖慎华[1] 李君风[1] 白晰[1] 闻爱友[2] 郭刚[3] 邵涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]安徽科技学院动物科学学院,安徽凤阳233100 [3]山西农业大学动物科学技术学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《草业学报》2016年第4期179-187,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)(KFJ-EW-STS-071);国家星火计划项目(2013GA840003);农业部成果转化项目(2013GB2F40046);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B03)资助

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同比例青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响。试验设对照组(TH0)和3个青稞秸秆不同比例替代组TH_5、TH_(10)和TH_(15)。青贮14d开窖取样,分析其发酵品质、化学成分及微生物数量,将剩余的发酵TMR暴露于空气,用多通道温度记录仪记录温度变化;并分别在有氧暴露的第2,5和8天取样评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,与对照组(TH0)相比,TH_5的pH、乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量无显著(P>0.05)差异;TH_(10)和对照相比pH差异不显著(P>0.05),但乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量显著(P<0.05)低于对照组;TH_(15) pH显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量显著(P<0.05)低于对照组;各组氨态氮/总氮和乳酸/乙酸无显著(P>0.05)差异,均以乳酸发酵为主,发酵品质良好。有氧暴露第2天后各组pH和氨态氮/总氮持续上升;乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量持续下降;酵母菌和好氧细菌数量显著(P<0.05)升高。除TH_(15)外,其他各组温度在第35h开始上升,TH_(15)温度上升延迟,并且温度上升峰值最小。和其他组相比,TH_(15)有氧稳定性最好。综合考虑发酵品质、有氧稳定性及对青稞秸秆资源的最大化利用,建议采用TH_(15)设计配方最为适宜。The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting hulless barley straw for tall fescue at different ratios on the early fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet.The experiment consisted of the control（TH0）and three treatments（TH5,TH10,and TH15）.The silos containing these treatments were opened at 14 days after the start of ensiling and the fermentation quality,chemical composition,and microbial communities were analyzed.The aerobic stability of silage samples on the2 nd,5th,and 8th day of exposure to air was evaluated using an online multi-channel data logger temperature recorder.The results showed that the pH,and the contents of lactic acid,acetic acid,total volatile fatty acids（TVFA）,and alcohol did not differ significantly between TH_5 and TH0（P〈0.05）.The pH of TH10 was similar to that of TH0（P〈0.05）,but the lactic acid,acetic acid,TVFA,and alcohol contents differed significantly between TH10 and TH0（P〈0.05）.The lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,TVFA,and alcohol contents were significantly lower in TH15 than in TH0（P〈0.05）,while the pH of TH15 was markedly higher（P〈0.05）than that of TH0.The ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen and lactic acid/acetic acid ratios did not differ significantly（P〈0.05）between all treatments and the control.Lactic acid fermentation was dominant in all silages and they all had good fermentation quality.During exposure to air,pH and the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen increased in all treatments and the control continued to increase after the 2nd day of exposure to air.However,the contents of lactic acid,acetic acid,and water soluble carbohydrates decreased during exposure to air,and the numbers of yeasts and aerobic bacteria increased.The temperatures in TH5 and TH10silages began to increase at 35 hafter opening the silos,while the temperature increase was delayed,and was smaller,in TH15.Together,these results showed that TH15 had the best aerobic stability.Takin

关 键 词：青稞秸秆 青稞酒糟 全混合日粮 发酵品质 有氧稳定性 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]