啮齿类动物群居起源研究假说  

The evolutionary causes of rodent group-living:Hypotheses

作　　者：卫万荣[1] 麻安卫 何凯 张卫国[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]秦安县农村能源开发站,甘肃秦安741600

出　　处：《草业学报》2016年第4期212-221,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业项目(201203041)资助

摘　　要：文章阐述了有关啮齿类动物群居起源相关的7个假说。资源防卫假说认为当资源(食物、水、庇护所)在时空上呈斑块状聚集分布时,群居有利于获取和保护资源。捕食风险假说认为群居能降低啮齿类被捕食的风险,因此在高风险栖境中群居较为普遍。社群温度调节假说认为在寒带和气候寒冷的地区群居有利于啮齿类减少能量消耗。旱区食物分布假说认为处于干旱生境中的啮齿类为减少挖掘洞道所需的能耗和弱化无收益觅食风险不得不形成群居。生活史约束假说认为体型小、脂肪贮存能力低、生长速率慢的啮齿类为能成功抚育后代而不得不形成群居。由于构建洞穴耗能巨大,因此窝巢共享假说认为啮齿类为减少能耗被迫共享洞系进而形成群居。亲代投资假说认为由于亲本对后代的持续性投资,因而群居的形成是由子代推迟扩散导致的。最后,本文对啮齿类群居未来研究的热点进行了探讨。This paper describes 7hypotheses concerning group-living rodents which are accepted by most researchers.The resource-defense hypothesis believes that group-living individuals may become more efficient in obtaining and protecting resources than solitary-living conspecifics when resources（food,water,shelter）are non-uniformly distributed.The predatory risk hypothesis states that sociality should prevail in riskier habitats because group-living can reduce the risk of predation.The social thermoregulation hypothesis suggests that group-living could reduce the energy consumption in relatively cold habitats.The aridity food-distribution hypothesis believes that rodents living in arid habitats live in groups to share burrows or minimize the cost of burrow construction.The life-history constraint hypothesis thinks that rodents with smaller size,lower fat reserves,and low rate of postnatal growth are forced to live in groups to be able to successfully foster offspring.The burrow-sharing hypothesis states that rodents are forced to live in groups to share burrow use or minimize the cost of burrow construction.The parental investment hypothesis believes that,because of the continuing investment in offspring,group-living resulted from delay dispersion of offspring.Finally the paper discusses the future research focus on rodent group-living.

关 键 词：群居 资源防卫假说 捕食风险假说 社群温度调节假说 旱区食物分布假说 生活史约束假说 窝巢共享假说 亲代投资假说 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]