变频冰箱压缩机的摩擦分析和新技术——磁悬浮轴承  

Friction analysis of variable speed refrigerator compressor and new technology——magnetic bearing

作　　者：盛正堂 周晓文[1] 尹小兵[1] 金文辉[1] 李勍[1] 胡小强[1] 

机构地区：[1]华意压缩机股份有限公司,江西景德镇333000

出　　处：《家电科技》2016年第3期50-54,共5页Journal of Appliance Science & Technology

摘　　要：随着冰箱节能的要求不断提升，冰箱压缩机COP值要求进一步向极限挑战，同时对噪声要求也越来越高，对于变频冰箱压缩机，一般变速范围是1200-4500转／分，速度越高，负荷越大，摩擦功越大，噪声越大。而摩擦功越小越利于提高压缩机的机械效率，减少摩擦副对减少噪声越有利。目前冰箱变频压缩机的机械摩擦副有5处，曲轴推力面与曲轴箱止推面，曲轴长轴外圆和曲轴箱轴孔，连杆大孔与曲轴曲拐外圆，连杆小孔与活塞销外圆，活塞外圆与曲轴箱缸孔。曲轴推力面与曲轴箱止推面的摩擦副，以往都是从改善润滑、滚动摩擦取代滑动摩擦等方面来改善摩擦，从而达到提升效率，但由于此处的摩擦副依然存在，且此处的摩擦极其复杂，经典的摩擦理论可以解释一部分内容，但实际情况更加复杂，无法真正的完全消除此处的摩擦带来的效率下降和噪声增加。磁悬浮轴承可以有效解决此问题，大幅度提升机械效率，明显降低噪声，从而改善压缩机的匹配性能，使得冰箱更加节能，冰箱的噪声极低。With the energy-efficiency requirement to the refrigerator advances, the standard to the higher cop level of compressor has almost reached its limit, meanwhile the higher noise requirement also increase. With regard to the variable speed compressor, the speed range is from 1200 rpm to 4500 rpm, with the speed becomes more and more faster, the load increases at the same time. The friction also increases, and thus the noise increases. The smaller friction can improve the mechanical efficiency of the compressor, and reduce noise, the better. Currently, there are five mechanical friction area existed in the variable speed compressor, which are the friction between the between the long axis of the crankshaft and crankcase cylindrical shaft hole, the friction between the big hole of the connecting rod and the outer rings of crank rod of the crankshaft, the friction between the connecting rod hole and Cylindrical piston pin, the friction between the cylindrical piston bore and crankcase. And the friction between thrust surface of the crankshaft and crankcase. In the past, the lubricating oil/the ball bearing and other similar ways are utilized to reduce and improve the friction, so as to improve efficiency, but owing to the friction still exists, and actual friction is extremely complex, from the theoretical point of view, the principle of the friction has been explained, but in reality, it is beyond the explanation, the friction and the noise can not be eliminated completely. The magnetic bearings can effectively solve this problem, greatly enhance the mechanical efficiency, significantly reduce noise, thereby improving the performance of the compressor in the application, thus make the refrigerators, more energy-efficient/lower noise~

关 键 词：磁悬浮轴承 动压润滑 COP 噪声 单边受力 个别滚珠滚动 单边摩擦 

分 类 号：TM925.21[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]