伊朗伊斯兰革命后30年间的选举政治  

The Electoral Politics in the Three Decades Following the Iran Islamic Revolution

作　　者：哈全安[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第2期84-97,共14页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中东现代化进程中的世俗政治与宗教政治"(12BSS014)

摘　　要：选举政治在伊朗伊斯兰革命后30年间成为常态,具有史无前例的多元性、竞争性和民众参与性。伊朗伊斯兰共和国的选举政治表现为政治派系之间的权力角逐,而派系政治尽管并非政党政治,毕竟包含政党政治的若干元素,代表不同的政治倾向和施政理念,在选举政治的框架内成为民众表达诉求和实现参与的政治平台;争夺选票无疑是不同政治派系角逐政坛的首要方式,而民众参与决定着不同政治派系之间的力量对比和政治天平的历史走向。伊朗伊斯兰共和国的政治生态包含宗教与世俗的双重元素,民众选举具有鲜明的世俗色彩,承载着共和制基础上的世俗政治实践;不同政治派系的竞选纲领大都内含着诸多的世俗元素,折射出常态化选举政治的世俗倾向。由于宪法规定之安拉主权与民众主权的双重法理原则,非民选机构与民选机构的长期并存,加之宪法监护委员会作为非民选机构对于选举政治的干预和影响,选举政治无疑存在诸多局限。然而,选举政治并非徒具虚名和流于形式,选举结果具有非操纵性和非确定性,不同政治派系在政坛的消长取决于民众的选票和选民的意志,而选民的投票意向无疑是决定选举结果的根本因素。In the three decades following the Iran Islamic Revolution, electoral politics became a normality, with unprecedented diversity, competition and public participation. The electoral politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran is epitomized by the power struggle among different political sections. Even though sectarian politics does not equal to party politics, it contains disparate political tendencies and governing ideas, which comprise a political platform for citizens to express their demands and to participate. Doubtlessly, striving for votes is the primary channel for political competition. And the participation of the public determines the historical trend of the power balance between various sections. The Islamic Republic＇s political ecology is featured by a combination of religious and secular elements. Not only are republic system- based elections a practice of secular politics, but there has been an increase of secular elements in the campaigning platforms of diverse sections, indicating a tendency of secularization. Nonetheless, defects with the system remain in terms of the dual sovereignty of Allah and the people regulated by the constitution, long- term coexistence of electoral and non-electoral institutions, as well as the non-elected Guardian Council＇s intervention in elections. In general, the electoral politics of Iran is a system characterized by non- manipulation and noncertainty rather than a mere title or formality. To a large extent, political sections＇ ebb and flow depend on the population＇s vote and electorate＇s will, and more importantly, the voters＇ intention is the factor determining electoral results.

关 键 词：伊朗 伊斯兰革命 选举政治 民众参与 

分 类 号：K373.5[历史地理—历史学]