蕾期调亏灌溉对海岛棉光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield in G. Barbadense L.

作　　者：闫曼曼[1] 郑剑超[1] 张巨松[1] 田立文[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第4期115-121,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范"课题(2014BAD11B02);新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"科技支撑项目(201231102)资助

摘　　要：以新海24号和新海35号为材料,研究蕾期调亏灌溉对海岛棉光合特性及产量的影响。滴灌定额为0m^3/hm^2(重度调亏,土壤含水量10%左右)、900m^3/hm^2(轻度调亏,土壤含水量16%左右)、1800m^3/hm^2(丰水,土壤含水量20%左右)。结果表明:盛铃期时,900m^3/hm^2和1800m^3/hm^2的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光化学最大效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、非光化学猝灭系数(q N)及光化学量子产量(Yield)无显著差异,但900m^3/hm^2、1800m^3/hm^2与0m^3/hm^2处理差异显著,两品种表现一致。由于900m3/hm2处理的单株结铃数、铃重较高,棉铃脱落率最低,因此皮棉产量较高。可见,蕾期轻度调亏(900m^3/hm^2)在节水的同时能够充分发挥膜下滴灌海岛棉的增产潜力。A field experiment was conducted to study the photosynthetic characteristics and yield in G. Barbadense L. under the regulated deficit irrigation at budding stage. The experiment was performed with two varieties（ Xinhai24 and Xinhai35） and three drip irrigation quotas： 0m^3/ ha（ severe deficit irrigation,soil moisture content about 10%）,900m^3/ ha（ mild deficit irrigation,soil moisture content about 16%） and 1800m^3/ ha（ abundant irrigation,soil moisture content about 20%）. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Tr）,PSII photochemical maximum efficiency（ Fv / Fm）,photochemical quenching coefficient（ q P）,non- photochemical quenching coefficient（ q N） and photochemical quenching yield（ Yield） of 900m^3/ha had no difference with 1800m^3/ ha,but these parameters of 0m^3/ ha existed large difference with 900m^3/ ha and 1800m^3/ ha at full boll stage,two varieties performed similar. Due to the boll number per plant and boll weight of 900m^3/ ha were higher and the boll shedding rate was the lowest,the lint yield was higher（ 2372. 9 kg /ha）. Therefore,the mild regulated deficit irrigation（ 900m^3/ ha） could give full play of production potential to the film with drip irrigation in G. Barbadense L. and save water at budding stage.

关 键 词：调亏灌溉 海岛棉(G.Barbadense L.) 光合参数 叶绿素荧光 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]