湖北省城市环境空气质量时空演化格局及影响因素  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Urban Ambient Air Quality and Its Main Influence Factors in Hubei Province

作　　者：丁镭[1] 刘超[2] 黄亚林[2] 陈昆仑[3] 曾克峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,中国湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院,中国湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北大学资源与环境学院,中国湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《经济地理》2016年第3期170-178,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(41401181);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2013CFB010)

摘　　要：以湖北省17个城市2004—2013年的空气监测数据为基础,利用Daniel趋势检验、空间插值分析、面板计量模型等方法分析城市环境空气质量的时空演化特征及主要影响因素。结果表明,10年间湖北省城市空气质量总体呈下降趋势,其中空气质量下降的城市有10个,并在月份上表现出"U型"特征,冬季的1月和12月份是空气污染最严重时期。其次,湖北省的城市空气污染存在一定的空间转移趋势,SO2的污染重心由鄂西的恩施州和宜昌等地区,逐步向荆州、宜昌以及鄂东南的黄石、鄂州转移;NO2和PM10的污染主要集中在个别受工业污染与城市汽车尾气排放影响比较突出的大中型城市,如武汉、宜昌、鄂州、黄石等地区。面板计量检验表明,建成区面积、汽车拥有量两个解释变量对空气环境有着显著的作用,SO2和综合空气质量指数与城市经济发展呈现"U型"曲线的变化趋势,空气污染依然严峻。因而,严格控制城市规模、有序地进行城市建设和汽车尾气污染治理是当前湖北省城市空气环境治理的一个重要方向。在产业结构调整、工业污染减排的大背景下,未来需优化区域产业布局、落实涉气建设项目环评区域限批、加强区域联防联控。The air monitoring data of 17 cities in Hubei province during 2004-2013 were obtained from the municipal statistical yearbook and statistical bulletin. This article applied methods such as Daniel trend test, spatial interpolation method and panel econometric model to analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of city ambient air quality and the main influence factors. The result showed that urban air quality of Hubei Province was on the decline in general, among which 10 cites＇ air quality descend with ＂U＂ characteristics, the most serious situation appeared in January and December in winter. Second, there was a bit of space transfer trend of the air pollution in Hubei province： pollution gravity of SO2 had transferred from western regions such as Enshi and Yichang, gradually to southeast regions such as Jingzhou,Yichang, Huangshi, Ezhou, etc.; NO2 and PM- 10 pollution mainly focused on individual large cities, such as Wuhan,Yichang, Ezhou, Huangshi and other regions, significantly affected by industrial pollution and urban vehicle emissions.Further panel econometric test indicated that built- up area and car ownership made a significant contribution to the air environment; meanwhile, SO2 and comprehensive air quality index had the tendency of the ＂U＂ type curve with the city＇s economic development, thus air pollution is still severe. Therefore, recently air environmental governance approach include strictly controlling the scale of cities, orderly expansion of urban construction and the construction of automobile exhaust pollution in cities of Hubei province. Under the background of industrial structure adjustment and industry pollution reduction, it is necessary to optimize regional industry layout, implement area limited approval of gas related construction projects, and strengthen regional joint air defense in the future.

关 键 词：空气质量 污染排放 时空演化 城市化 湖北省 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]