低阶煤提质技术现状及完善途径  

Status and improvement approach of low rank coal upgrading technologies

作　　者：周琦 

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司煤化工分院,北京100013 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013 [3]国家能源煤炭高效利用与节能减排技术装备重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2016年第2期23-30,共8页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21406105);国家自然科学基金委员会-神华集团有限公司煤炭联合基金资助项目(U1361122);国家国际科技合作专项资助项目(2015DFA60320);中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(2013ZD007);煤炭科学研究总院技术创新基金资助项目(2012CX01)

摘　　要：为实现低阶煤的清洁利用,分析了国内外低阶煤提质技术研究现状,重点介绍了以移动床、回转窑、流化床、气流床为反应器的典型热解技术。针对低阶煤热解技术焦油收率低,焦油重质组分和粉尘含量高等技术难题,提出了低阶煤提质技术完善途径。应根据不同粒径的煤料选择适宜的热解工艺,粉煤一般采用固体热载体加热;延长煤颗粒在低温区的停留时间可降低焦油的二次反应,提高焦油收率;内热式热解技术容易导致焦油含尘量高。应依据不同煤质煤的不同组分而分级转化,通过反应调控抑制重质组分生成,实现热解产物定向,最大程度获得轻质油气产品,开发新型反应器抑制粉尘产生及夹带,实现低阶煤的清洁高效利用。In order to use low rank coal cleanly,the status of low rank coal upgrading technologies at home and abroad was compared. The typical technologies with moving bed,rotary furnace,fluidized bed,and entrained bed as pyrolysis reactor were investigated. The results showed that the selection of pyrolysis technology should be based on the coal particle size. The solid heat carrier process was right for pulverized coal utilization. The prolonging of residence time of coal in lower temperature zone could decrease secondary interaction of tar and increase tar yield. Indirect heating mode easily led to high dust in oil. Due to the issues,such as low tar yield,high content of heavy species and dust in tar,spme solution for upgrading low rank coal in stages were proposed based on the coal quality and composition. The content of heavy species in tar could be suppressed by controlling pyrolysis reaction,and the amount of dust could decrease through exploitnew reactor. A technology approach for clean and efficient utilization of low rank coal was built.

关 键 词：低阶煤 提质 干燥 热解 

分 类 号：TQ52[化学工程—煤化学工程]