保险人向投保人行使保险代位求偿权之质疑——以货运险保险人向投保的承运人行使追偿权为视角  

The Questioning on Insurer's Exercising Insurance Subrogation Rights towards the Applicant——From the perspective of cargo insurer exercising the subrogation right towards the applicant carrier

作　　者：刘丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《保险研究》2016年第2期80-86,共7页Insurance Studies

摘　　要：财产保险中,保险合同要保障的是被保险人的利益,保险合同的有效性也是从考量事故发生时被保险人是否对保险标的具有保险利益开始的。大陆法系区分投保人和被保险人,认同保险合同是涉他利益合同,但是,在立法和司法实践中应考虑投保人的投保意图,从更深层次考虑保险合同所要维护的"利益",投保人除了缔结合同和支付保费的义务之外,应考虑其在保险合同中也具有利益。本文以数个案例为例,从"第三者"是否包括投保人,否定向投保人追偿不是对保险代位求偿权制度的背离,投保目的以及最大诚信原则等四个方面进行法律分析,并着重从财产保险利益的具体内容和保险合同的模式考量投保人的经济利益,得出保险人不应对投保人行使代位求偿权的结论;并提出,目前阶段即便不能完全否定保险人对投保人的追偿权利,也应该通过给予一定限制,倡导在保险合同缔结过程中,保险人对于将来可能对投保人行使代位求偿权的问题应加以充分提示说明,以防投保人的合同目的落空。In property insurance, the insurance contract aims to protect the interests of the insured. The validity of the contract depends on whether the insured has insurable interest towards the insured object when the insured event happens. The mainland law system differentiates between the applicant and the insured, and recognizes insurance contracts as Contract Related with A Third Person. But in legislative and judicial practices ,we should take into account the intention of the applicant, and grasp the ＂interest＂ the contract intends to safeguard from a deeper level. Apart from the applicant＇ s obligation for signing contract and paying premiums, his/her interests in the contract should also be considered. The paper employed several examples to deliberate on the four aspects, namely, whether ＂the third party＂ includes the applicant, negating the subrogation rights towards the applicant is not a deviation from the insurance subrogation principle, the purpose of application, and the utmost faith principle. It analyzed the specific contents of property insurance contract interests and contract models to measure the applicant＇ economic interests, and arrived at the conclusion that the insurer shouldn＇ t exercise the subrogation right towards the applicant. It further proposed that even though we couldn＇ t completely negate such right,we should draw up some restrictions, and advocate that the insurer make a full declaration on the possibility to apply the subrogation right towards the applicant to prevent the applicant＇ s failure to attain his/her purposes.

关 键 词：财产保险 被保险人 投保人 保险利益 代位求偿权 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]