从毕业分配到自主择业：就业关系中的个人与国家--以1951-1999年《人民日报》对高校毕业分配的报道为例  

From Graduate Job Assignment to Autonomous Employment:Individuals and the State in the Employment Relationship:Analysis of Reports in “People' s Daily” from 1951 to 1999

作　　者：赵晔琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心、社会学系,上海200241

出　　处：《社会科学》2016年第4期73-84,共12页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：国家—个人关系是理解近代以来中国社会变迁的一个基本视角。通过对1951年至1999年《人民日报》对高校毕业生就业分配的报道分析,有助于我们梳理毕业分配制度在当代中国社会的历史变迁,以及个人与国家关系在就业中的演变路径。建国后三十年严格实施的毕业分配制度建构了就业中个人与国家之间基本的关系格局:强大的国家与缺失主体性的个人。国家以行政命令的方式直接干预个人就业,并加以广泛的政治宣传与动员。毕业分配制度一方面解决了毕业生就业难的问题,另一方面也使得就业中的主体性丧失,个人因而缺乏就业自主权。随着毕业分配制度的改革,国家开始退场,个人的就业主体性也逐渐凸显。就业关系中的"去国家化"使得个人与国家关系经历了从吸纳型向平等型的结构性转型。The relationship between the State and individuals is a basic perspective to understand the social changes in Contemporary China. Analysis of reports about the graduate job assignment system of universities and colleges in People＇s Daily from 1951 to 1999 can help to explore the historical evolution of the graduate job assignment system in Contemporary China and the evolution route of the relationship between the State and individuals in employment. During the thirty-year period after the foundation of new China, the State needs to achieve a comprehensive integration of resources and the overall control of individuals. Thus, the graduate job assignment system of universities and colleges was strictly implemented, which constructed the basic relationship between the State and individuals： the strong State vs. individuals lack of subjectivity. The State directly intervened the individuals＇ employment in the way of administrative order with a wide range of political propaganda and mobilization. The graduate job assignment system relieved the difficult problem of the graduates＇ employment, but it also makes the individuals loss of decision-making right in employment. With the reform of the graduate job assignment system, the State began to exit and the individuals＇ subjectivity is gradually prominent. The State changed its traditional paternalistic role, while individuals were also beginning to withdraw from the authority of the State. In the process of ＂denationalization＂, the relationship between the State and individuals has been changed from the traditional ＂absorption＂ to modern ＂equality＂.

关 键 词：毕业分配制度 国家一个人关系 《人民日报》 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]