儿童常见呼吸道病原体感染与肾脏损伤  

Common respiratory pathogen infection and kidney damage in children

作　　者：李羚[1] 郭赟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属无锡市人民医院儿童医院呼吸科,214023

出　　处：《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2016年第5期329-333,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

摘　　要：细菌、病毒和肺炎支原体等是引起儿童肾脏损伤的常见呼吸道病原，感染后肾损伤的主要临床表现为肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征（NS）及肾小管间质性肾炎和临床症状不明显的肾小球肾炎。A族B溶血性链球菌是儿童急性肾小球。肾炎最常见的病因（50％～90％）。肺炎支原体感染和呼吸道常见病毒相关性肾损害是儿童急性非链球菌感染后肾脏疾病的重要组成部分，与链球菌感染后肾炎比较，疾病过程及预后相对较好，血尿、高血压、血清补体下降程度较轻，且持续时间较短，恢复快，NS患儿的水肿、蛋白尿持续时间较短。病毒感染诱发的婴幼儿喘息或儿童哮喘和肾损伤之间可能存在相似的遗传学基础和免疫发病机制。The common respiratory pathogens which can cause children kidney disease include bacteria, viru- ses, mycoplasma pneumonia, and so on, the major clinical manifestations of infectious renal injury are glomerular nephri- tis, nephrotic syndrome, interstitial nephritis and renal subclinical glomerulonephritis. Group A 13 - hemolytic streptococ- cus is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children （50% - 90% ）. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec- tions and respiratory tract virus - associated renal injury are the important part of kidney disease in children with acute non - streptococcal infection, and comparing with the streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the process and prognosis of my- coplasma and virus infection are relatively better, and the level of blood urine, hypertension and serum complement is lower,with shorter duration and rapid recovery, and the duration of edema and proteinuria in children with nephrotic syndrome is shorter as well. There may be similar genetics and immunology pathogenesis between virus - induced wheezing or asthma and kidney injury in children.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 肾损伤 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]