杂色山雀的反盗食贮食策略  

Pilferage Avoidance of Varied Tit,Parus varius in the Presence of Intra-and Inter-specific Competitors

作　　者：李成安[1] 韩梅[1] 张雷[1] 赵济川 殷江霞[1] 万冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁省动物资源与疾病防治重点实验室,沈阳110036

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第2期198-206,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31071927)

摘　　要：盗食现象在贮食动物中非常普遍,种内竞争者或种间竞争者的盗食是贮藏食物丢失的主要原因之一,同时也是贮食动物贮食行为不断进化的重要选择压力,开展反盗食贮食策略的研究有助于阐释贮食行为进化的原因和对贮食鸟类的保护。杂色山雀(Parus varius)秋季有明显的贮食行为,贮食方式为分散贮食。通过人为投食的方法,以投食点为中心,根据贮食点距投食点距离远近设定了被盗高风险区、被盗中风险区和被盗低风险区,研究杂色山雀个体在无潜在盗食者和有潜在盗食者的情况下,在上述3个风险区贮食比例的变化,探讨杂色山雀个体基于自身以及周围环境条件,在权衡取食及贮藏过程中时间及能量的花费和收益后,其反盗食贮食策略的选择。40只杂色山雀个体贮食策略的统计结果表明,不论潜在盗食者出现与否,杂色山雀个体贮食的总体趋势大致相同,即主要将食物贮藏在中风险区,而高风险区和低风险区贮食比例较低;比较种间和种内潜在盗食者出现的情况下与无潜在盗食者时,杂色山雀个体在各贮食风险区的贮食策略:种间及种内潜在盗食者的出现,都会引起被盗高风险区贮食比例降低(种间潜在盗食者:F=3.174,P<0.05;种内潜在盗食者:F=90.475,P<0.05),低风险区贮食比例上升(种间潜在盗食者:F=220.440,P<0.05;种内潜在盗食者:F=15.651,P<0.05);但种间潜在盗食者出现时,杂色山雀个体在被盗中风险区的贮食比例降低(F=143.749,P<0.05),而种内潜在盗食者出现时,杂色山雀个体在被盗中风险区贮食比例不变(F=0.776,P>0.05),即杂色山雀个体对种间潜在盗食者的出现更加敏感,防范盗食的投入更大。此外,分别比较无潜在盗食者、有种间潜在盗食者和有种内潜在盗食者存在的情况下,雌雄杂色山雀个体在各贮食风险区的反盗食贮食策略,发现其结果也明显不同。无潜在盗食者和种内潜在�The phenomenon of stealing food is very common in hoarding food animals.The hoarding food can be stolen by intraspecific or interspecific competitors,which are one of the main reasons for the loss of hoarding foods.Meanwhile,it is the main driving factor for the evolution of selection on the food storage behavior.Consequently,the study on the hoarding food strategy which avoid being stolen would be useful in uncovering the underlying mechanisms for the evolution of the hoarding food behavior,and protecting the hoarding food birds.The varied tit（Parus varius） has obvious behavior of hoarding food at autumn,and the storage mode is scattered.During October 2014,at Liaoning Province,Dalian,Fairy Cave National Nature Reserve（39°54′00″﹣40°03′00″N,122°53′24″﹣123°03′30″E）,in the experimental zone,we chose seven appropriate respectively separated greater than 1 000 m areas.After that,we artificially placed Korean pine seeds,guided and set up one feeding point in each area.Then,with mist net method,we traped varied tits at the fixed feeding points,and released these bird after bird banding and taking the blood（Table 1）.In this study,we artificially served the food in seven places and set the food source in the center.According to the distance from the cache site to the food source,the high pilferage risk area,medium pilferage risk area and low pilferage risk area was divided to study the change of hoarding food ratio of varied tits,according to the presence or absence of potential pilferers.We took into account the time and energy′s costs and profits of feeding and storage process to examine the strategy of varied tits in avoiding being stolen food storage strategy.The results showed that the trend in hoarding food strategy of varied tits was roughly similar whether there was potential thieves prey or not.Foods were mainly stored in the medium pilferage risk area,with the high pilferage risk area and low pilferage risk area storage food ratio was relatively low.The presence of interspe

关 键 词：杂色山雀 分散贮食 被盗风险区 反盗食 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]