鲂属鱼类杂交子代肌间骨的形态学比较  

Morphological Characteristics Comparison for Intermuscular Bones of Hybrids among Megalobrama Species

作　　者：聂春红[1] 关柠楠 陈文倩[1] 张伟卓[1] 赵炎[1] 古勇明 高泽霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心,武汉430070 [3]湖北百容水产良种有限公司,黄冈438800

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第2期241-252,共12页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31472271);国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系建设项目(No.CARS-46-05);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(No.26622015PY088);海大集团团头鲂育种专项

摘　　要：本研究对团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）与鲂属其他3种鱼类三角鲂（M.skolkovii）、广东鲂（M.terminalis）和厚颌鲂（M.pellegrini）正反交及其亲本自交共10种组合子代的肌间骨数目、形态、分布和长度进行了比较分析。10种不同繁育组合子代个体的肌间骨总数范围为96-134,平均值为119,各组合肌间骨的数目无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,其中,厚颌鲂自交组合子代个体的肌间骨数目最少（平均值为114）。不同杂交组合子代体重和体长与肌间骨的长度均呈线性相关。不同部位肌间骨长度存在差异,其中躯干轴上肌的肌间骨长度显著大于躯干轴下肌、尾部轴上肌和尾部轴下肌三个部位的肌间骨长度（P〈0.05）。躯干轴下肌的肌间骨数目显著少于其他部位（P〈0.05）,尾部轴上肌和尾部轴下肌的肌间骨数目无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。杂交鲂肌间骨形态复杂多样,分别为＂1＂形、＂卜＂形、＂y＂形、一端多叉形、两端多叉形和＂（＂形6种类型,肌间骨越靠近鱼体前端形态越复杂,且与存在部位有一定的关系,躯干轴上肌的肌间骨形态最复杂。研究结果表明,鲂属鱼类近缘杂交子一代的肌间骨相关性状特征无显著改变。In the present study,the hybrids were artificially bred among blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and three Megalobrama species including M.skolkovii,M.terminalis and M.pellegrini using reciprocal crosses methods.The morphological characteristics of intermuscular bones in hybrids as well as inbrids of four species（totally 10 groups） were investigated and compared.Among the individuals from these 10 groups（Table 1）,the numbers of intermuscular bones ranged from 96 to 134,with the average number of 119（Table 2）.There was no significant difference among the 10 groups and M.pellegrini inbreds had the minimum intermuscular bones with the mean value of 114.The length of intermuscular bones of the same fish had the linear relationship with the body weight and body length of individuals in these 10 groups（Table 3 and 4,Fig.1﹣4）.The lengths of intermuscular bones in different parts showed significant difference（P〈 0.05）：the intermuscular bones in the epiaxial muscle of dorsal part were significantly longer than the other three parts including（P〈 0.05） hypaxial muscle and epiaxial muscle of tail part,hypaxial muscle of dorsal part（Table 5）.The number of intermuscular bones in hypaxial muscle of dorsal part was significantly less than in other parts（P〈 0.05） and there was no significant difference between hypaxial muscle and epiaxial muscle of tail part（P〉 0.05）（Table 6）.There were 6 kinds of intermuscular bones in the hybrids,including ＂1＂ type,＂卜＂ type,＂y＂ type,one-end-multifork type,two-end-multifork type,and ＂（＂ type,with more complex shapes in the front part of body（Table 7,Fig.5）.All the results indicate that the hybridization among the Megalobrama species has no distinct effect on intermuscular bones.

关 键 词：鲂属 杂交 肌间骨 数目 形态特征 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]