消油剂对原油乳化效果评估波浪槽实验  

Evaluating chemical dispersant efficacy on crude oils in awave tank

作　　者：钱国栋 

机构地区：[1]中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2016年第2期274-278,共5页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目:高效环保消油剂与快速布控重型围油栏研制(2012BAC14B02);中国海洋石油总公司项目:消油剂水下应用研究(CNOOC-KJ 125 ZDXM 25JAB NFCY 2012-02)

摘　　要：消油剂的合理使用是海洋溢油应急处置的一种有效手段。本研究选取渤海产蓬莱19-3和旅大10-1原油,开展消油剂对原油乳化效果测试的波浪槽模拟实验。以消油剂乳化率和油滴中值粒径为测试指标,设置不同波浪条件和剂油比,考察两种不同消油剂对渤海原油的乳化效果。结果表明,消油剂A、消油剂B对两种原油的乳化率均随剂油比和波高条件的增大而增加,油滴中值粒径随剂油比和波高条件的增大而减小。消油剂B与消油剂A相比表现出较高的乳化能力,在实验条件下对蓬莱19-3原油的乳化率最高可达52.9%,油滴中值粒径最低可达12μm。对于不同类型原油,消油剂的乳化分散效果不同。本研究结果可为溢油应急处置中消油剂效用效果预测以及应急方案的制定提供依据。The application of chemical dispersants is considered as an effective method in oil spill response. In this study,we conducted experiments for evaluating chemical dispersants efficacy on PL19-3 and LD10-1 crude oils in a wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness and volume median diameter d50 were chosen as the indicated index,and two kind dispersants were tested under different wave conditions and dispersant to oil ratios（ DOR）. The results showed that the effectiveness of dispersant A and dispersant B on two crude oils increased aswave height and DOR increase,butd50 decreased as wave height and DOR increase. The effectiveness of dispersant Bon PL19-3 crude oil was higher than dispersant A,with the highest effectiveness was 52. 9% andthe smallest d50 was 12 μm. For different types of crude oil,the dispersant efficacy was alsodifferent. The results of this study can provide a basis for dispersant efficacy prediction and emergency plan development for oil spill response.

关 键 词：原油 消油剂 乳化率 油滴粒径分布 波浪槽 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]