适应玉米的溶磷细菌筛选及其对玉米生长的影响  

Screening of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Adaptable to Corn and Effects of the Bacteria on the Growth of Corn

作　　者：梅新兰[1] 闪安琪 蒋益[1] 韦中[1] 王誉瑶 王世梅[1] 沈其荣[1] 徐阳春[1] 刘建[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226541

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第2期502-509,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD20B05);农业部948项目(2011-G27);公益性行业(农业)项目(201203001)资助~~

摘　　要：从石灰性土壤中分离获得4株高效溶磷细菌X5、X6、Z4和Z8,研究其生物学特征,探索其单独及复合的溶磷促生潜能。研究发现菌株X5、X6、Z4和Z8均可以利用玉米根系分泌物作碳源生长。菌株X6和Z4均能产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和铁载体,菌株Z8可产生IAA不产生铁载体,菌株X5可产生铁载体不产生IAA。盆栽试验结果表明,接种单一溶磷菌及4株菌复合处理均可促进玉米生长,但复合菌群的溶磷促生效果显著高于单一菌株。通过16S r RNA基因序列分析研究菌株的分类地位,初步鉴定X5、X6、Z4、Z8分别为荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、草假单胞菌(Pseudomonas poae)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。Phosphate- solubilizing bacteria（PSB）are a group of beneficial bacteria capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds. P-solubilization ability of the microorganisms is considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. A number of PSB strains have been screened out from soils in laboratory,however,few reports are available on their successful application in fields. More and more evidence suggests that root colonization of PSB is very important for phosphate solubilization;therefore,survivability of PSB in plant rhizosphere is one of the basic principles for PSB screening. In present study,20 strains of PSB with phosphate solubilization halos ranging from 7.9~20 mm were isolated from the rhizosphere of the corn growing in calcareous soil with the Pikovskaya medium plate method. Ten of the 20 strains of PSB,coded as X3,X5,X6,Z2,Z3,Z4,Z5,Z7,Z8 and Z9,with bigger phosphate solubilization halos were further tested for phosphate-solubilizing capacity in the NBRIP medium. Results show that gram-negative（G-）PSB（X3,X5,X6,Z2,Z3 and Z5）solubilized much more phosphate than gram-positive（G＋）ones（Z4,Z7,Z8 and Z9）did. The mean phosphate concentration in the NBRIP medium of the G- PSB treatments was 449.7 μg ml-1,with phosphate concentration in Treatment G- PSB Z3 being the highest,reaching to 562.2 μg ml-1. However,the highest phosphate concentration obtained by G＋ PSB was only 46.9 μg ml-1. In further experiment,8 strains of PSB（G＋：Z4,Z7,Z8 and Z9;and G-：X5,X6,Z3 and Z5）were evaluated for corn root exudate utilization capacity. All of the 8 strains of PSB were found to be able to utilize corn root exudate as sole carbon source and the G-PSB grew much better than G＋ ones. Consistent with the findings in the culture in NBRIP medium,G- PSB solubilized much more phosphate than G＋ PSB did when using corn root exudate as sole carbon source. Based on phosphate-solubilization and root exudate utilization capacities,tw

关 键 词：溶磷细菌 吲哚乙酸 铁载体 玉米根系分泌物 复合菌群 促生效果 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]