不同机械改土方式对白浆土物理特性及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Mechanical Soil Amelioration Method on Physical Properties of and Enzyme Activity in Planosol

作　　者：孟庆英[1] 张春峰[1] 贾会彬[1] 朱宝国[1] 王囡囡[1] 高雪冬[1] 刘婧琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第2期552-559,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B01)资助~~

摘　　要：白浆土是我国东北地区主要低产土壤之一,土体中白浆层通气透水能力极差,生物酶活性很低,导致土壤表旱表涝严重,旱田作物根系有效土层一般只有20 cm左右。自20世纪80年代开始,包括深松在内的机械改土逐渐演变为白浆土的主要改良方式。为了探讨不同机械改土方式的改土效果,研究采用3种机械改土方式,依次为普通深松犁、秸秆心土混合犁、心土间隔混拌犁,并以普通深松犁为对照,在典型白浆土上开展改土试验。机械作业后,分别测定土壤物理性质及土壤酶活性。结果表明：秸秆心土混合犁、心土间隔混拌犁处理后,白浆层的硬度降低至7～9 kg cm-2,远低于对照白浆层硬度10～14 kg cm-2;固相分别为47.74%、50.13%,均低于对照53.16%;容重与对照相比分别降低了14.01%、10.19%。与对照相比,秸秆心土混合犁、心土间隔混拌犁降低了白浆层过氧化氢酶活性,秸秆心土混合犁处理降低了白浆层脲酶和蔗糖酶活性、增加了淀积层脲酶和蔗糖酶活性;两个处理与对照相比大豆分别增产21.34%、4.94%。秸秆心土混合犁、心土间隔混拌犁改善了土壤不良的理化性质,同时对土壤酶活性有很大的影响。研究为机械改良白浆土的评价方法探索了新途径。Planosol is one of the major low yield upland soils in the northeast part of China. Its Aw horizon right beneath the topsoil is low in aeration and water permeability and in soil enzyme activity,too,making the topsoil subjected to waterlogging and drought alternately. In upland,crop roots need only a soil layer about 20 cm thick. Since the 1980 s,mechanical soil amelioration,including subsoiling,has gradually turned out to be a major means for planosol. To compare the effects of different mechanical amelioration methods for Planosol,three different kinds of machines,namely conventional subsoiler（CK）,stalksubsoil mixing plough（SSMP）and subsoil interval mixing plough（SIMP）were tried for soil amelioration in a large tract of Planosol in Farm 853,a soybean farm in Heilongjiang Province,with the plot tilled with the conventional subsoiler as control. After operation by the machines separately,soil physical properties and enzyme activity was investigated. The analysis of soil physical properties includes hardness,three phases and bulk density of the soil,and that of soil enzyme activity includes activities of catalase,urease and invertase in the soils. Results show that in the plots tilled with SSMP and SIMP,soil hardness of the Aw horizon（albic horizon） was lowered to 7～9 kg cm-2 while in CK it was 10～14 kg cm-2;solid phase was lowered to 47.74% and 50.13%,respectively while it was 53.16% in CK;bulk density was 14.01% and 10.19% lower than that in CK. Compared with CK,Treatments SSMP and SIMP deceased activity of the catalase in the Aw horizon,and Treatment SSMP deceased activities of the urease and invertase in the Aw horizon,and increased activity of the urease and invertase in the B horizon（argillic horizon beneath the Aw horizon）. Besides,the two treatments not only increased soybean yield by 21.34% and 4.94%,respectively,but also significantly improved soil physical properties of and soil enzyme activity in the Planosol. This research has opened a new approach to evaluation of the techniqu

关 键 词：白浆土 机械改良 土壤物理性质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学]