不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦根系时空分布、水分利用率及产量的影响  

Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on Root Spatial and Temporal Distribution,Water Use Efficiency and Yield in Spring Wheat

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 李鲁华[1,2] 吕新[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院农学系耕作教研室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2016年第3期361-371,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2013CB013);石河子大学科学技术研究发展计划优秀青年项目(2012ZRKXYQ11);国家自然科学基金(51169022);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06)~~

摘　　要：为明确新疆干旱区滴灌春小麦不同灌水量对小麦根系时空分布、水分利用率及产量的影响,以‘新春19号’为材料,利用田间定位试验研究4个灌水量处理（W0：0 m3/hm2、W1：1 500 m3/hm2、W2：4 500m3/hm2、Wck：对照3 750m3/hm2）于拔节期、抽穗期、开花期及成熟期对小麦根系根长密度、根体积、根质量等在0～100cm土层的垂直分布、动态变化及对产量构成因素和产量的影响。结果表明：开花期土壤含水量最低,小麦耗水量最大;0～20cm是各处理根量值（根质量、根体积、根长密度）的最大层,也是根系活动最为旺盛的区域;土壤水分适宜（Wck）时,表层根量增加;水分过多会导致根系生长受抑（W2）,促使根系活力下降,根系衰亡提前,影响水分的吸收,最终导致水分利用率最低且产量下降;水分亏缺（W1）虽然在一定程度上促进深层根量的增加,有助于干旱条件下小麦根系利用深层土壤的水分和提高水分利用效率,但却造成较低的产量;土壤水分严重缺乏（W0）,根系吸水困难,对表层土壤根系数量的增加不利,也会导致减产。可见,在水资源相对充沛条件下滴灌小麦采用Wck处理更有利于实现节水和高产的统一。Field experiment was conducted to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of wheat roots,water use efficiency and yield in spring wheat under drip irrigation in the arid region of Xinjiang.The spring wheat cultivar‘Xinchun 19＇was used as test material.There were four irrigation amount treatments in the fixed field trail,including no irrigation（W0）,1 500（W1）,4 500（W2）and3 750m3/hm2（Wck）.The experiment measured the vertical distribution and dynamic change of root length density,root volume,root mass of wheat in 0-100 cm soil depth at jointing stage,heading stage,flowering period and mature period.The result showed that there was the lowest soil moisture content and highest water consumption of wheat root during flowering period.The largest amount of roots（i.e.,root mass,root length density and root volume）was detected at 0-20 cm depth range which was also the most active region for wheat root system.Total amount of root system in the surface layer was increased in the appropriate soil moisture（at Wcktreatment）.But excessive water（at W2treatment）inhibited the growth of root systems,reduced the root activity and the absorption amount of water,water use efficiency and yield for wheat.Although low irrigation amount（at W1treatment）increased total amount of root at deep layer of soil and contributed to using deep soil mois-ture for wheat and enhancing water use efficiency under dry conditions,the wheat yield was lower.An acute shortage of water（at W0treatment）caused hard water absorption,root number decreasing at surface layer of soil and resulted in yield loss.Therefore,it is better to use water applied at Wck treatment under the condition of abundant water resources,considering the balance of water saving and high yield.

关 键 词：不同灌水量 春小麦 根系时空分布 水分利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]