麦棉套作模式下播种方式与播量对小麦灌浆特性及产量性状的影响  

Effect of Sowing Methods and Seeding Rates on Grain Filling and Yield Traits of Wheat in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

作　　者：王树林[1] 祁虹[1] 王燕[1] 张谦[1] 冯国艺[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第3期355-361,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目"渤海粮仓科技示范工程"(2013BAD05B00);国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-21)

摘　　要：为探索麦棉套作模式下适宜的小麦播种方式与播量,通过裂区试验,以播种方式(撒播和条播)为主因素,播量(187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0kg·hm-2)为副因素,研究了播种方式与播量对小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与条播相比,撒播小麦灌浆期边行、内行分别延长3.3和0.6d,平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率边行分别降低0.18、0.26mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间推迟了0.2d;内行小麦平均灌浆速率与最大灌浆速率分别提高0.02、0.04mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间推迟0.6d;撒播使内行小麦理论最大粒重提高1.7g。随播量的增加,小麦灌浆期延长,与187.5kg·hm-2播量相比,300kg·hm-2播量下撒播边行和内行及条播边行和内行分别延长2.8、1.8、2.6、2.2d,平均灌浆速率分别降低0.10、0.02、0.11、0.10mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率分别降低0.15、0.03、0.15、0.15mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间分别推迟0.7、0.5、0.9和-0.8d,理论最大粒重分别降低1.5、3.1、1.1、6.5g。撒播内行穗数达到529.0万穗·hm-2,显著高于条播,穗粒数与千粒重分别较条播高1.4粒与0.2g,产量较条播高405.0kg·hm-2,而边行穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量与条播无显著差异;撒播平均产量较条播高5.1%。随播量的增加,单位面积穗数增加,穗粒数、千粒重下降。产量撒播以播量225.0kg·hm-2最高,条播以播量262.5kg·hm-2最高。以上结果说明,在麦棉套作模式下小麦采用撒播,播量在225.0kg·hm-2时可有效提高产量。In order to increase wheat yield and select suitable sowing method and seeding rate of wheat in wheat-cotton intercropping system,a split plot experiment involving two sowing methods（broadcasting and drilling）and four seeding rates（187.5kg·hm-2,225.0kg·hm-2,262.5kg·hm-2,300.0kg·hm-2）was designed to study the effect of sowing methods and seeding rates on grain filling and yield traits of wheat.The results showed that compared with drilling,broadcasting increased grain filling period by 3.3,0.6dfor marginal and inner rows,respectively,but decreased the average and maximum grain-filling rate by 0.18,0.26mg·grain-1·d-1 for marginal rows,and delayed the appearing time of the maximum grain-filling rate by 0.2d.For the inner rows,broadcasting increased the theoretical final grain weight by 1.7g obviously due to the increase of the average and maximum grain-filling rate by 0.02,0.04mg·grain-1·d-1,respectively,at the same time delayed the appearingtime of the maximum grain-filling rate by 0.6d.Compared with the seeding rate of 187.5kg·hm-2,the sustainable filling period at seeding rate of 300.0kg·hm-2 was prolonged by 2.8and 1.8d,2.6and 2.2drespectively for marginal rows,inner rows of broadcasting and drilling,the average grain-filling rate was decreased by 0.10 and 0.02,0.11 and 0.10mg·grain-1·d-1 and the maximum grainfilling rate was decreased by 0.15 and 0.03,0.15 and 0.15mg·grain-1·d-1,the appearing time of the maximum grain-filling rate was prolonged by 0.7and 0.5d,0.9and-0.8d.And the theoretical final grain weight was decreased by 1.5and 3.1,1.1and 6.5g.Broadcasting significantly increased wheat yield of inner rows by 405.0kg·hm-2 due to the significantly increased panicle number per unit area by 1 460 thousand panicle·hm-2,also the increased grain number per ear by 1.4and thousand-grain weight by 0.2g of inner rows.The difference of panicle number per unit area,grain number per ear,thousand-grain weight and wheat yield between drilling and broadcasting was not significant.The yield of broadc

关 键 词：麦棉套作 小麦 播种方式 播量 灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311