对日和约问题上的蒋美分歧及蒋之因应  

The Differences between Chiang Kai-shek and the USA over Treaty of Peace with Japan and Chiang's Responses

作　　者：冯琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2016年第1期127-144,161,共18页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：作为对日作战的主要参与方,中国为盟国胜利做出了重大贡献。1949年国民党败退台湾,在美国支持下继续在某些国际场合"代表"中国,此举受到中英苏等国不同程度的反对。为减少阻力,美国未将台湾当局列入多边对日和约签字国之内,而是促使日本与其签订双边和约。此时,蒋介石至为在意的就是"中华民国代表中国"的问题,最终"日台和约"得以在旧金山多边和约生效前签订,这基本上符合蒋介石的愿望。然而,取得这一结果的过程曲折艰辛。此间,在诸多问题上蒋美存在分歧。蒋的因应决策虽使台湾当局最终基本达到预期目标,但为之付出的代价也是巨大的。美国促成"日台和约"完全出于其自身远东战略利益,对于台湾当局的权益并无多少考虑。As a main party of fighting with Japan,China made great contributions to the victory of allied countries. In 1949 the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan and continued to'represent'China in some international occasions with the support of the USA. This was opposed to different degrees by Britain,the Soviet Union,the People's Republic of China and some other countries. In order to reduce obstructions,the USA did not enlist the Taiwan authorities in signatory states of signing multilateral peace treaty with Japan,but promoting Japan to sign bilateral treaty with the Taiwan authorities. At the time,Chiang Kai-shek primarily concerned the problem of'the Republic of China representing China,'so the Taiwan authorities signed Peace Treaty with Japan before multilateral San Francisco Treaty with Japan. During the period,there were many differences between Chiang Kai-shek and the USA over many problems. Though Chiang's responses and decisions helped the Taiwan authorities basically achieved the desired objectives,it also paid a heavy price. The aim of the USA promoting the Taiwan authorities to sign Peace Treaty with Japan was completely for the US strategic interests in East Asia,but not the interests and rights of the Taiwan authorities.

关 键 词：对日和约 美国 台湾地区 蒋介石 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]