不同灌水下限与底肥施用对温室番茄光合特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Baselines with Different Base Fertilizer Levels on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yields and Qualities of Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：王晓森[1,2] 常晓[1,2] 孟兆江[1,2] 张莹莹[1,3] 张笑培[1,2] 杨慎骄[1,2] 吕谋超[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘476000 [3]农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第3期45-50,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家"十二五"863课题(2011AA100509)

摘　　要：采用温室内桶栽土培法,研究了不同灌水下限与底肥施用对番茄复水前后光合特性、产量、品质及其干物质构成的影响。结果表明,番茄灌水下限越低,复水后光合速率增加越多,显示出良好的补偿生长效应;同一灌水下限条件下,叶片水分利用效率最大值均出现在高肥处理,复水前叶片水分利用效率大于复水后;番茄产量和水分利用效率均以高水中肥处理最高,单株果实数以低水高肥处理最多,单果质量与果实平均直径以高水高肥处理最大;高灌水下限条件下番茄含蛋白质量较高,中灌水下限条件下番茄含可溶性糖量较高,低灌水下限条件下番茄含可滴定酸与Vc量较高;番茄根、茎、叶干物质最大值均出现在高灌水下限处理中,而最小值均在低水低肥处理,当番茄根冠比为0.15时产量最高。高水中肥条件下番茄产量最高,中低灌水下限条件下番茄品质最优,通过复合肥施用和分生育期不同灌水下限运筹可以达到提高产量和改善品质的目的。Through pot experiments in greenhouse,the effects of different irrigation baselines with different base fertilizer levels on tomato photosynthetic characteristics,yields,qualities and dry matter distributions were studied.The results indicated that the lower irrigation baselines decreased,the bigger re-watering photosynthetic rates increased,which showed better compensating growth effect within tomato.Moreover,under the same irrigation baseline,the biggest tomato leaf water use efficiency（WUEL）always existed in high base fertilizer level treatments,and the WUELbefore re-watering was bigger than its WUEL after re-watering.The biggest tomato yield and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE）lied in the treatment of high irrigation baseline with medium base fertilizer level（T0M）,and the biggest fruit number per plant belonged to the treatment of low irrigation baseline with high base fertilizer level（T2H）,and the treatment of high irrigation baseline with high base fertilizer level（T0H）possessed the biggest average fruit weight and diameter records among all treatments.Furthermore,tomato fruits at the high and medium irrigation baseline treatments had the highest protein content and soluble sugar content respectively.While at the low irrigation baseline treatment,tomato fruits contained the highest titratable acid content and vitamin C content.In addition,the highest values of tomato plant dry matters of root,stem and leaf always existed in the high irrigation baseline treatments,and the lowest values of that always emerged at the treatment of low irrigation baseline with low base fertilizer level（T2L）.Through regression analysis,the tomato would get the biggest yield at RSRof 0.15.In conclusion,tomato could get the biggest yield at the high irrigation baseline with medium base fertilizer level,and the best fruit quality at the medium and low irrigation baselines in practice.By using compound base fertilizer and different irrigation baselines in different living stages,the tomato＇s yield and q

关 键 词：番茄 土壤水分 底肥 产量 品质 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2