Population Construction and Super-high Yield Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Regions  

寒地粳型超级稻群体构建及其超高产特征研究(英文)

作　　者：陈书强[1] 薛菁芳[1] 杨丽敏[1] 赵海新[1] 杜晓东[1] 周通[1] 王翠[1] 张献国[1] 单丽丽[1] 李敏[1] 潘国君[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2016年第3期584-592,595,共10页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011BAD16B11-02YJ01,2012BAD04B01-02);Key Science and Technology Program of Heilongjiang Province;China(GA13B101);Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund(LBH-Z10038);the Funds of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Distinguished Young Scholars(2014)~~

摘　　要：[Objective] This study was conducted to construct a super-high yield population of Japnica rice in cold regions of North China and to explore its characteristics. [Method] The super rice variety Longjing 21 was selected as the experimental material. Different row spacing（two levels）, plant spacing（three levels） and seedling number per hill（three levels） were designed in field trials. Then, the growth stages,dry matter accumulation, leaf area, yield and yield components of these different treatments were measured. [Result] Rice yield had significantly negative correlation with plant spacing and row spacing, but no significant correlation with seedling number per hill. Rice yield was mainly affected by plant spacing, and less affected by seedling number per hill. The best recommended specifications for plant spacing of super rice variety Longjing 21 were 24 cm for row spacing, 12 cm for plant spacing and five seedlings per hill, and the expected yield was 10 473.0 kg/hm^2.The increased number of total spikelets（4.5×108hm2or more） in populations was the major reason for high yield. Super-high yield populations had fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved the expected number of productive tillers at critical leaf-age（June 25）, and tiller number peaked at jointing stage（July 6） and was about 1.2 times of the expected number. The percentage of productive tillers in total tillers of super-high yield population was more than 85% at heading stage. At middle growth stage（from jointing to heading stage）, the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index（LAI） at heading stage, effective leaf area, spikelet number of population,spikelet number per leaf area unit（cm2）, and culm-sheath weight per stem of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations.At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate of super-high yield population was significantly smaller than that of other populations. At late growth stage�[目的]对超高产群体进行构建研究,并探讨高产群体形成机制。[方法]以超级粳稻品种龙粳21为材料,设置2个水平的行距处理,3个水平的穴距处理和3个水平的穴基本苗数量处理,测定不同处理生育期、干物质积累量、叶面积,产量和产量构成要素等相关指标。[结果]产量与株距和行距呈显著负相关关系,与每穴苗数相关性不显著,对产量的影响程度表现为株距>行距>苗数。超级粳稻品种龙粳21最优群体插植规格是行距24 cm×株距12 cm,每穴5株基本苗,产量达到10 473.0kg/hm^2,高产原因主要是群体颖花量增多(4.5×108个/hm^2以上)。超高产群体在生育前期群体茎蘖稳步增长,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期(6月25日)达适宜穗数,高峰苗出现在拔节期(7月6日),数量少(为预期穗数的1.2倍),抽穗期成穗率高(>85%)。超高产群体在拔节-抽穗期干物质积累量大,抽穗期叶面积指数高、群体质量优[高效叶面积率、总颖花量、颖花/叶(cm^2)和单茎茎鞘重均高],在抽穗期-成熟期光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小,光合势、群体生长率和净同化率均高)、干物质积累量高、群体库容的总充实量大、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调(实粒数/叶和粒重/叶)均高。[结论]以足够穗数为基础,提高抽穗期-成熟期光合效率,从而提高群体库容总充实量,是寒地粳型超级稻的超高产特征。

关 键 词：Cold region Japonica super rice Population construction Super-high yield characteristics 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]