裁判员过失致人人身损害之民事责任探讨  

On Civil Liability for Personal Injury Caused by Sports Official's Mistakes

作　　者：张洪振[1] 赵立立[2] 姜世波[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学体育学院,济南250061 [2]山东大学(威海)法学院,威海264209

出　　处：《体育与科学》2016年第2期80-88,99,共10页Sports & Science

基　　金：2015年国家社会科学基金一般项目<人权法规视域下的我国公民体育权利内涵研究>;项目号:15BTY049

摘　　要：裁判员是体育赛事法律关系中的重要主体之一。就其法律地位而言,各国定位不一,但主要有准行政地位、雇员和独立合同人三种性质。定性不同所产生的民事责任形式也不相同。但裁判员在体育赛事中执裁不当引发的法律责任主要是侵权责任。由于体育赛事中固有风险的存在,裁判所承担的过失责任不应太重,其责任应仅限于因故意和重大过失所造成的可预见的损害。我国应借鉴国外成熟做法,根据裁判的过错比例确定裁判的损害赔偿。随着我国体育的职业化和产业化发展,我国也会逐步形成职业裁判制度,相应地,与之配套的裁判员权利和义务规范、体育仲裁、职业责任保险制度亟需加快建立。The referee is one of the main participants in sporting events.On its legal status,every state has its own position,but main positions focus on natures of quasi-administrative status,employees and independent contractors.Different civil liability would arise from these different positions.But tort liability is the main kind of liabilities caused by the referees＇ mistake decision in sports events.Because of the inherent risks in sport,the referee should not be borne too heavy negligence liability,it shall be limited to foreseeable damages caused only for intentional or gross negligence.China should learn from foreign good practices that ought to determine the damages based on the proportion of the referee＇s fault.With the professionalization and commercialization of sports,the rules of conduct on professional referees would be gradually developed,accordingly,the legislations on rights and obligations concerning the referee,sports arbitration and professional liability insurance need to be developed urgently.

关 键 词：裁判员 过失侵权责任 注意义务 体育仲裁 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]