家长和孕妇脊髓灰质炎风险认知及疫苗评判的定性研究  

Qualitative research on risk recognition of polio and polio vaccines for infant parents and pregnant women

作　　者：杨宠[1] 解瑞谦[1] 詹洪[1] 阚坚力[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心,北京100011 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2016年第2期111-115,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的研究家长和孕妇对脊髓灰质炎的风险认知情况和脊髓灰质炎疫苗的评判标准。方法采用方便抽样方法,对山东、新疆、湖北、甘肃、广西等5省区8个地市的133名疫苗受种儿童家长和40名孕妇开展小组访谈。结果多数儿童家长(92/127)和孕妇(24/40)认为脊髓灰质炎是一种严重的传染病,绝大多数儿童家长(73/87)和孕妇(33/35)关注脊髓灰质炎。儿童家长和孕妇选择脊髓灰质炎疫苗主要考虑疫苗的安全性(48.9%,68/139)、有效性(34.5%,48/139)、便利性(25.9%,36/139)、经济性(9.4%,13/139)和先进性(7.7%,5/65)。评判疫苗的依据主要来自疫苗是否普遍使用(11.0%,11/100)、是否属于国家免疫规划政策规定的范围(10.8%,8/74)、接种医生是否给予免疫接种建议(9.4%,13/139)、是否有多种供选择的疫苗(8.0%,9/113)、既往是否有同种疫苗的使用经验(7.2%,10/139)等。结论在儿童家长和孕妇能够意识到脊髓灰质炎风险的前提下,应结合其评判疫苗的原则和依据,做好脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫规划宣传和健康教育工作。Objective To explore the status quo of polio risk recognition among infant parents and pregnant women, and to find their principles on selecting polio vaccines. Methods A total of 133 parents and 40 pregnant women were recruited from Shandong Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hubei Province, Gansu Province, and Guan- gxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by convenient sampling. The systematic methods of focus group interview and questionnaire survey were used to obtain the participants＇ awareness of polio and their principles for selecting the polio vaccines. Results Among the participants, most of the parents （92/127） and the pregnant women （24/40） thought polio was a kind of seri- ous infectious diseases. And most of the parents （73/87） and the pregnant women （33/35） were aware of polio, because they were afraid of their children being sick by polio. The principles of the participants to select which kind of polio vaccine were vaccine safety （48.9%, 68/139）, vaccine effectiveness （34. 5%, 48/139）, vaccine convenience （25. 9%, 36/ 139）, vaccine cost （9.4%, 13/139）, and vaccine advancement （7. 7%, 5/65）. The participants mostly decided the kind of polio vaccine to take up according to the following information： the vaccine used commonly （11.0%, 11/100）, the vaccine included in the policy of national immunization programme （10. 8%, 8/74）, the vaccine that clinic profession- als advised （9.4% , 13/139） , whether the vaccines can be chosen （8. 0% , 9/113） , and the experience on vaccine use （7.2% , 10/139）. Conclusion Parents and pregnant women can realize the risk of polio and are afraid of their children＇ s health. However, there are some kinds of principles when they select which kind of vaccines to take up.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 风险认知 疫苗 原则 家长 孕妇 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]