碱性肥料对香蕉枯萎病发生及土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of alkaline fertilizer on occurrence of banana wilt disease and soil microbial community

作　　者：李进[1] 张立丹[1] 刘芳[1] 樊小林[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第2期429-436,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-33-07);广东高校环境友好型肥料工程技术研究中心建设项目(CCZX-A100);"十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD11B04);国家自然科学基金项目(31071857;30871594)资助

摘　　要：【目的】针对我国香蕉主产区蕉园土壤酸化、微生物环境恶化,香蕉枯萎病严重泛滥和肆虐,严重威胁产业等问题,通过施用碱性肥料改善蕉园土壤酸性及微生物环境,从而降低香蕉枯萎病发病率,促进香蕉健康生长。【方法】以重病区蕉园土壤为对象,采用盆栽试验,研究碱性肥料对土壤微生物及香蕉枯萎病发生情况的影响。试验设碱性肥料(AF)和常规肥料(CCF)2种肥料处理,每种肥料设低量(L1)、中量(L2)和高量(L3)3个施肥量,同一施肥量处理的氮、磷、钾总用量相等。于2013年3月6日移栽香蕉苗到营养钵,130 d后待各处理香蕉发病明显时采集土壤及植株样品进行各项指标测定。【结果】1)施碱性肥料能显著降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率,常规肥料处理的香蕉发病率为78%,而碱性肥料处理的仅为33%。2)碱性肥料对土壤微生物群落有明显的影响,土壤中的真菌数量AF处理明显少于CCF处理,而细菌、放线菌数量则显著高于CCF处理,因此AF处理土壤的香蕉尖孢镰刀菌明显减少。3)试验期间碱性肥料能显著提高土壤p H值,较常规肥料处理提高了0.75个p H单位,而土壤EC值比常规肥料处理低47.76μS/cm。4)土壤p H值与土壤中古巴专化型尖孢镰刀菌(FOC)的数量及香蕉发病率呈显著负相关;细菌数量与FOC数量、香蕉枯萎病发病率、病情指数之间呈显著的负相关;土壤中FOC和真菌数量与香蕉发病率呈显著正相关。5)香蕉生物量随着碱性肥料和常规肥料用量的增大而增加,但碱性肥料的效果更加明显。【结论】应用碱性肥料不仅可以为香蕉提供氮、磷、钾养分,而且能改良蕉园土壤酸性从而改善土壤微生物群落结构及环境,有效防控香蕉枯萎病的发生。【Objectives】In view of problem of serious declining banana production and even constrained abandon of banana orchards in many regions of China caused by soil acidification,deterioration of microbial community and wide spread of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense（ FOC） in banana plantation,the objective of the research was to study effect of a kind of alkaline fertilizer（ AF） as a measure of improving soil p H,ameliorating the microbial community,reducing incidence of the Fusarium and promoting the growth of banana. 【Methods】The effects of the AF on banana wilt disease development and three main types of microorganisms in soil were studied by using pot culture during banana seedling growth with two-groups and three-levels design. The experiment included fertilizer treatments（ AF）,conventional fertilizer treatments（ CCF） and both the AF and CCF consisted of three levels of applied fertilizer N. The total amount of N,P2O5 and K2O used was the same in one level. There were 6 treatments in total. The tested soil was collected from the wilt disease infected banana plantation in Ledong County,Hainan Island,China. After transplanting bananas to nutritive pots for 130 days,the soil and plant samples were collected on 6 March 2013 when the differences of incidence of FOC were significant among different treatments. 【Results】1） After four times＇ interval fertilization,the incidences of the FOC of the banana treated with the AF are significantly lower than those in the conventional compound fertilizer treatments,which shows a positive result of the AF application during the banana growth,and the incidence of the disease is 78% in the CCF and 33% in the AF treatment. 2） Soil microbial community is significantly affected by the AF mainly in the soil microbial population.The amount of fungi population in the soil treated with the AF is remarkably less than that in the CCF,while the amounts of actinomycetes and bacteria population are significantly higher than those in the CCF treatments. The amo

关 键 词：碱性肥料 蕉园土壤 PH值 香蕉枯萎病 发病率 土壤微生物群落 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]