五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊入侵对土壤化学和微生物学性质的影响  

Impacts of Ipomoea cairica and Wedelia trilobata invasion on soil chemical and microbiological characteristics

作　　者：全国明[1,2] 毛丹鹃[2] 章家恩[2] 谢俊芳[2] 秦钟[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州城市职业学院城市建设工程系,广州510405 [2]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第2期437-449,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1131006);国家星火计划项目(2013GA780108);教育部博士点基金项目(200805640012;20124404110009);广东省高等学校高层次人才项目[粤财教(2013)246号];广州市属高校科研计划项目(2012A136);广州市青少年科技教育项目(14B024-05)资助

摘　　要：【目的】五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica)、南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)已入侵我国华南地区并造成严重危害。本文研究了五爪金龙入侵群落、南美蟛蜞菊入侵群落与土著植物类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)群落内的土壤养分、土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性以及微生物群落代谢活性、碳源利用特征与功能多样性的变化规律,探讨两种外来植物入侵对土壤生态系统的影响,为揭示其野外入侵机制提供科学依据。【方法】采用野外样方法于2010年1月在广州市东郊的火炉山森林公园设置五爪金龙入侵区、南美蟛蜞菊入侵区和土著植物类芦区3类样地,测定土壤养分、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物量与微生物功能多样性。【结果】1)与土著植物区相比,五爪金龙入侵区土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷以及速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量显著提高,增幅达到60.38%230.01%;南美蟛蜞菊入侵区土壤有机碳、全氮、速效氮、速效磷含量亦显著提高,增幅达到50.54%145.52%;两种外来植物入侵区土壤C/N比显著降低,但对全钾含量的影响不明显。2)两种外来植物能够显著提高入侵地的土壤微生物量,其中五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊入侵区的土壤微生物量碳(Cmic)、氮(Nmic)、磷(Pmic)含量分别比土著植物区增加105.00%152.15%和61.51%138.27%,但土壤微生物量在两个入侵区之间的差异不明显;对于土壤微生物熵,南美蟛蜞菊入侵区的Cmic/Corg值显著高于土著植物区,但Nmic/Nt、Pmic/Pt值3类样地之间差异不显著。3)两种外来植物入侵显著提高土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶的活性,其中南美蟛蜞菊入侵区的土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性最高,分别比土著植物区增加70.35%、21.51%和227.86%;对于蔗糖酶活性,五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊入侵区的增幅则分别达到322.58%和157.14%;过氧化氢酶活性各处理间的差异较小,差异均不显著。4)两种外来植物入侵能【Objectives 】Ipomoea cairica and Wedelia trilobata,the two general exotic plants,have invaded successfully in southern China and caused lots of serious damages to native ecosystem. In order to explore impacts of the two weeds invasion on soil ecosystem and provide scientific basis for their invasion mechanism in fields,the changes of soil chemical and microbiological properties,including soil nutrient,soil microbial biomass,soil enzyme and metabolic activity,carbon substrate utilization and function diversity of soil microbial community in I. cairica invaded community, W. trilobata invaded community and Neyraudia reynaudiana native community were investigated by using field plot methods. 【Methods 】Three sampling sites were selected,including I. cairica invaded site,W. trilobata invaded site and N. reynaudiana native site in the Huolushan Forest Park of Guangzhou city in January 2010. There were four replicates per sampling site（ each replicate plot was 4 m2）. Soil samples were collected,and soil nutrient,soil enzyme activity,soil microbial biomass and function diversity of soil microbial community were determined. 【Results】1） Compared with the native plant plot,the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the I. cairica plot（ increased range is 60. 38%- 230. 01%） and the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the W. trilobata plot（ increased range is 50. 54%-145. 52%） are significantly increased,while the soil C / N ratios are significantly decreased,and there are no significant differences in the contents of total potassium among the three plots. 2） The two exotic plants could significantly increase soil microbial biomass of the invaded plots. The contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus of the I. cairica plot and the W. trilobata plot are 105. 00%- 152. 15% and 61. 51%-138. 27% higher than those in the native plant p

关 键 词：五爪金龙 南美蟛蜞菊 土壤化学 土壤微生物群落 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]