滇西龙川江上游主要底栖鱼类生境因子选择  

Habitat Factor Selection for Dominant Benthic Fishes from Upper Longchuanjiang River in West Yunnan,China

作　　者：李旭[1] 何茜[1,2] 周伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]贵州大学明德学院,贵阳550018

出　　处：《四川动物》2016年第2期173-182,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160419);云南省重点学科野生动植物保护与利用项目(XKZ200904)

摘　　要：研究工作以滇西龙川上游——界头小江中的小鳍异鮡Creteuchiloglanis brachypterus、腾冲墨头鱼Garra tengchongensis、全裸裸重唇鱼Gymnodiptychus intergymnatus、南方裂腹鱼Schizothorax meridonalis和纤体褶鮡Pseudecheneis gracilis 5种底栖鱼类为研究对象,研究其对生境因子的选择。设置80条样线,每条样线设3个采样点,按丰水期(2012年7月)和枯水期(2013年1月)在每个样点分别测量30个生境因子;运用主成分分析法对生境因子数据做降维分析。结果表明,地势地貌、人为干扰、水质是5种底栖鱼类共性选择的主导生境因子。小鳍异鮡、全裸裸重唇鱼与其他3种鱼类相比,偏好在高海拔、大比降、人为干扰较低且水质偏碱性的生境中栖息。小鳍异鮡与全裸裸重唇鱼相比,偏好在河床基质为基岩、河岸为乔木群落、人为干扰更低的生境栖息。腾冲墨头鱼适应的水温变化范围较纤体褶鮡宽,南方裂腹鱼对栖息环境的要求与腾冲墨头鱼相近。地势地貌对这5种鱼类分布的主导作用较为显著,不仅为鱼类的繁殖和生存提供基本条件,而且影响和决定着鱼类的食物资源。溶氧量等理化因素在分析过程中对鱼类分布的影响没能得到体现。This study aimed to investigate the niche differentiation of fishes＇ narrow sympatry,and to provide protection for rare and endemic fishes by population restoration with basic data and scientific guidance. Subjects investigated were Creteuchiloglanis brachypterus,Garra tengchongensis,Gymnodiptychus intergymnatus,Schizothorax meridonalis and Pseudecheneis gracilis from upper Longchuanjiang River in west Yunnan. A total of 80 transect lines with 3 sampling points of each were set up,and 30 habitat factors were measured for each sampling point in wet season（ July,2012） and dry season（ January,2013）. The method of principal component analysis was adopted to reduce the dimensions of the habitat factor data.The results showed that topography,human disturbance and water quality were the main common habitat factors for the five main demersal fishes. Compared with other three kinds of fish,C. brachypterus and G. intergymnatus were more inclined to inhabit in the areas with high altitude,steep gradients,weakly-alkaline water and less human disturbance. Compared with G. intergymnatus,C. brachypterus preferred to inhabiting in rock riverbed with arbor community along the river bank,and less human disturbance. G. tengchongensis preferred wider water temperature variation than P. gracilis. Besides,the habitat demands of S. meridionalis was similar to those of G. tengchongensis. Topography played a significant role in affecting these five fishes distribution. Topography not only provided basic condition for the survival and breeding of fish,but also impacted the food resources. However,physical and chemical factors,such as dissolved oxygen content,were not shown dramatically influence to fish distribution.

关 键 词：底栖鱼类 横断山区 生境因子 因子分析 云南西部 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]