北京鹫峰山区常见树种的枝叶及枯落物截留特征  

The Foliage and Litter Interception Characteristics of Common Tree Species in Jiufengshan Mountain Area of Beijing

作　　者：徐军[1] 牛健植[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第1期103-110,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"三北地区水源涵养林体系构建技术研究与示范"(2011BAD38B05);国家自然科学基金项目(30800888)

摘　　要：为探究华北土石山区不同树种各枝叶层结构与枯落物结构与水分运移的量化关系,以北京鹫峰山区为例选取了侧柏、油松、栓皮栎、五角枫、白皮松和黄栌6种当地典型树种,于2015年7—9月在首都圈森林生态系统定位研究站人工降雨大厅进行降雨截留实验,试验采用自制降雨截留装置直接测定枝叶分层每一层及枯落物的截留雨量特征,快速方便,精度较高。结果表明:(1)对于同一种树体来说,雨强越大,树体本身达到稳定截留时间越短,在同种雨强作用下,整株树的截留能力顺序为栓皮栎>五角枫>侧柏>油松>黄栌>白皮松;对于整场降雨饱和的树种而言,一般雨强越大,累积截留量越大,随着降雨时间的延长,截留率逐渐减小,在雨强较大时,截留量与叶面积指数关系不显著。(2)对于砍伐树叶分层后的截留过程来说,对于无下层叶、无中下层叶的树体而言,短历时降雨阔叶树总体的截留能力比针叶树强,无叶状态下针叶树的截留持水能力强于阔叶树,因此上层叶对于树木截留有一定的重要性;对于同种树而言,各层树叶的截留能力顺序大致为中层>上层>下层。(3)对于砍伐枝条分层后的截留过程来说,在树体无叶的状态下,对不同树种而言,各层枝条的截留量均为针叶树大于阔叶树,尤其是中下层枝条能截持更大的水量。(4)对于砍伐枝叶分层与枯落物共存时的截留过程来说,对雨水截持的能力顺序为五角枫>白皮松>黄栌>油松>侧柏>栓皮栎,最终稳定时五角枫有效截留量最多,栓皮栎变化最大。(5)对于剪叶分层的树种来说,其与枯落物组合下的垂直面上阔叶树种截留能力强于针叶,随着树叶每一层的递减,其树种的稳定截留量也随之递减,同时栓皮栎和五角枫与枯落物组合的截留过程而也说明了冠层枝叶的截留量与其本身各层的生物量和密度及叶面积成一定的正比关系。但还需加强小To explore the quantitative relationship between foliage structure and litter structure of different plant species and moisture migration in rocky mountain area of northern China, 6 typical tree species including Pinus bungeana Zucc. , Acer elegantulum , Quercus variabilis Blume, Pinus tabuli formis , Platycladus orientalis , and Cotinus coggygria were selected as research objects, which are the main tree species in mountainous area of Jiufengshan in Beijing. Through using an artificial rainfall simulator to conduct interception experiments from July to September in 2015 in artificial rainfall hall, the effect of forest tree species on canopy interception was analyzed, as well as the effect on runoff and sediment yield on the slope surface. We also analyzed the effect of canopy^s structure and litter structure on rainfall interception by individual small tree species. A self-made device for measuring rainfall interception of each layer of foliage and litter was applied, which is fast and convenient. The results showed that： （1）For the same tree species, with the increase of rainfall intensity, the time for the cumulative rainfall interception of the tree itself reaching the stable level decreased. Under the same rainfall intensity, the interception capacity of the whole tree listed in the order of Quercus variabilisBlume〉 Acer elegantulum 〉 Platycladus orientalis 〉 Pinus tabuli forrnis〉 Cotinus coggygria〉Pinus bungeana. For the trees with saturated rainfall interception during the whole rainfall event, the cumulative rainfall interception increased with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the interception rate decreased with the increase of rainfall duration. The relationship between LAI and interception was not significant under the high rainfall intensity. （2） For the trees with stratified leaf cutting, the rainfall interception capacity of broadleaf trees was better than that of coniferous trees in the short rainfall duration when the trees had no lower or middle layer of leaves, while

关 键 词：枝叶结构 枯落物结构 分层 人工降雨 截留 

分 类 号：S715.2[农业科学—林学]