晋西黄土区人工林地土壤水分特征及其对降雨的响应  

Soil Moisture Characteristics and Its Response to Rainfall in Artificial Forests in Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province

作　　者：赵荣玮 张建军[1,2] 李玉婷[1] 张艳婷[1] 田宁宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西临汾042200

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第1期178-183,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"困难立地植被恢复技术研究与示范"(2015BAD07B02)

摘　　要：为了研究黄土区人工林地土壤水分特征及其对降雨的响应,以晋西黄土区人工刺槐林地、人工侧柏林地、人工刺槐侧柏混交林地为研究对象,利用EnviroSMART土壤水分定位监测系统和翻斗式雨量计对其2014年3月1日—2015年3月31日0—200cm土层的土壤含水量和降雨量进行了连续观测。观测结果表明:(1)人工侧柏林地0—200cm土层蓄水量为496.67mm,刺槐侧柏混交林地为349.88mm,人工刺槐林地为307.48mm。人工刺槐林地较人工侧柏林地和混交林地多消耗189.19mm和42.40mm土壤水分,且多消耗的水分主要来源于深层土壤,这可能导致人工刺槐林地深层土壤"干化"。(2)3种林地0—200cm土层土壤水分的年内变化可以划分为土壤水分消耗期(3—5月)、土壤水分积累期(6—8月)、土壤水分消退期(9—11月)、土壤水分稳定期(12月至翌年2月)。在土壤水分消耗期、积累期和消退期,3种林地土壤水分变化量存在显著差异。(3)在小雨、中雨、暴雨3种降雨条件下,人工侧柏林地对降雨的响应深度最深,人工刺槐林地最浅;对于同一林地而言,降雨的响应深度随降雨量的增加而增加;土壤含水量对单场降雨的响应程度随土层深度的增加而减弱。The soil moisture content of the 0—200cm soil profile and the precipitation in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation,Platycladus orientalis plantation and Robinia pseudoacacia-Platycladus orientalis mixed forest were observed continuously from March 1,2014 to March 31,2015,through the application of Enviro SMART monitoring system and HOBO tipping rain gauge,to study the soil moisture characteristics and its response to rainfall in artificial forests in loess region of western Shanxi province.The results showed that：（1）The soil water storage in the 0—200cm soil layer under the Platycladus orientalis plantation,Robinia pseudoacacia-Platycladus orientalis mixed forest and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were 496.67 mm,349.88 mm and 307.48 mm,respectively.Compared with the Platycladusorientalisplantation and Robinia pseudoacacia-Platycladus orientalis mixed forest,Robinia pseudoacacia plantation increased the consumption of soil water by 189.19 mm and 42.40 mm,respectively,and these parts of soil water were mainly from deeper layer of soil,which might lead to the drying of deep subsoil in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation.（2）According to the annual changes of the soil moisture,ayear could be divided into 4periods：Consumption period of soil moisture（from March to May）,accumulation period of soil moisture（from June to August）,fading period of soil moisture（from September to November）,and stabile period of soil moisture（from December to February of the next year）.Soil moisture in the former 3periods significantly differed among 3kinds of plantations.（3）Under light rain,moderate rain and heavy rain,the depth of soil water responding to rainfall was the deepest in Platycladus orientalis plantation and was the shallowest in Robinia pseudoacaciaplantation.In the same type of plantation,with the increase of precipitation,the depth of soil water responding to rainfall also increased.With the increase of soil depth,the response extent of soil moisture content to one rainfall event decreased.

关 键 词：黄土高原 人工林地 土壤水分 降雨响应 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]