水钾互作对高产夏玉米产量和钾素利用的影响  

Effects of Water-Potassium Interaction on Yield and Potassium Utilization of High-yield Summer Maize

作　　者：郭艳青[1] 张吉旺[1] 刘凯[1] 朱玉玲[1] 裴书君 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 赵斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第1期267-271,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目;山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设经费项目(SDAIT-01-022-05);国家自然科学基金项目(31271662)

摘　　要：为探讨水钾互作对高产夏玉米产量和钾素利用的影响。以郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,采用干旱棚池栽试验,设置2个施钾量,4个灌水量,共8个处理,分析夏玉米产量、钾素吸收和转运的变化。结果表明,随灌水量增加,不同施钾水平夏玉米产量和钾素吸收转运均得到不同程度提高。在同一水分条件下,施钾可提高夏玉米产量和钾素的吸收转运,在最大灌水量时,施钾显著地提高了夏玉米产量、钾素总积累量、营养器官的钾素转运量、籽粒吸钾量和钾素农学利用率,且显著高于其他水分处理。在最大灌水量时施钾较不施钾的产量和钾素积累量分别提高22.1%~33.0%和22.2%~25.1%,施钾且供水充足较供水不足产量和钾素积累量分别提高54.5%~121.5%和103.3%~103.8%。钾素的吸收和积累主要是在吐丝前,前期干旱显著降低钾素积累速率,花期和花后灌水提高了籽粒对钾素的吸收。水钾互作能够显著提高夏玉米产量和钾素的吸收利用。本试验条件下,施K_2O 180kg/hm^2,增加灌水量可获得较高产量和钾素利用率。This study aimed at exploring the effects of water-potassium interaction on yield and potassium utilization of high-yield summer maize.Zhengdan 958（ZD958）was used as experimental plant and a field experiment was performed,in which 2levels of potassium application amount and 4levels of irrigation amount were established,with 8treatments in total,to explore the effects of water-potassium interaction on the yield of summer maize,and the uptake and translocation of potassium.The results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount,the yield of summer maize and the uptake and translocation of potassium（K）were improved to different extent in treatments with different K application amounts.When the irrigation amount reached the maximum level,the application of potassium increased the yield of summer maize,the total K accumulation amount（TKAA）,K translocation amount（KTA）,K absorption amount of grains（KAS）and the K agronomy efficiency（KAE）,which were significantly higher than those in the other irrigation treatments.When the irrigation amount reached the maximum level,compared to the treatment without K application,the treatment with K application increased the maize yield and the potassium accumulation amount by 22.1% ～33.0% and 22.2% ～25.1%,respectively.When K was added,the treatment with adequate water supply increased the maize yield and the potassium accumulation amount by 54.5%～121.5% and103.3% ～103.8%,respectively,compared with treatment with inadequate water supply.K was absorbed and accumulated mainly before the silking stage.The K accumulation amount was significantly reduced by drought at the early stage of growth period,while the K absorption of grains was improved by irrigation during or after the flowering stage.The yield of summer maize and the uptake and utilization of potassium were significantly improved by water-potassium interactions.In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,the optimal irrigation amount andK application amount were 2 250m^3/hm^2 and 180kg/hm

关 键 词：高产夏玉米 水钾互作 产量 钾素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]